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Hematomas intracerebral espontâneos estudo de 121 casos

Spontaneous intracerebral haematomas: a study of 121 cases

Resumos

Foram analisados retrospectivamente 121 pacientes com hematomas intracerebrais espontâneos (HIE): com média de idade de 53,4 ±14,8 anos, 62,8% do sexo masculino, tempo médio de sangramento na admissão de 36 horas (3 horas a 12 dias); 63,5% estavam acima de 7 na escala de Glasgow e 81,9% com grau igual ou maior que 3 na escala de Botterel. Os HIE eram: em gânglios da base em 45,5%, multilobares em 14,7%, lobares em 22,8%, no tronco cerebral em 4% e cerebelares em 2%. Seus diâmetros médios eram de 46,6 mm (16 a 33) e a área média de 1422,9 mm2 (60 a 4818). O LCR em 67 casos revelou pressão inicial média de 234 mmH20 (30 a 700) e concentrarão proteica média de 416,9 mg/dl (30 a 1960). O tratamento foi conservador em 107 casos e cirúrgico em 14. Sobreviveram 55,8% dos pacientes; a maioria dos que faleceram estava em grau acima de 3 na escala de Boterell e abaixo de 9 na de Glasgow. Houve correlação estatística entre a sobrevida e óbito com a escala de Glasgow e com a de Boterell, paralisia de músculos oculares, déficit motor, sinais de descerebração, broncopneumonia, diâmetro e área do hematoma; não houve relação estatística com uso de dexametasona, antifibrinolítico, anticonvulsivantes e diuréticos. O uso de manitol e a queda da pressão arterial nos primeiros dias tiveram relação com maior mortalidade Dos 14 casos submetidos a cirurgia, 11 faleceram. A principal complicação que levou a óbito foi broncopneumonia. São feitos comentários sobre a patogenia dos HIE, incidência atual, sinais clínicos» localização, tamanho, causas de óbito e tratamento empregado em relação ao prognóstico.


Results are reported on the study of 121 patients commited by spontaneous intracerebral haematomas (HIE): mean age 53.4 years, 62.8% males, mean admission time of 36 hours (3 hours to 12 days) from onset; 63.5% were graded over 7 in the Glasgow scale and 81.9% were graded 3 or over in the Boterell scale. The HIE location was 45.5% in the basal ganglia, multilobar in 14.7%, lobar in 22.8%, brain stem in 4%, and cerebelum in 2%. The mean diameter was 46.6 mm (16-93) and mean area was 1422.9 mm2 (60-4818). CSF in 67 cases showed mean opening pressure of 234 mmH20 and mean protein content of 416.9 mg/dl. Treatment was conservative in 107 cases and surgical in 14; 55.8% cases survived. The majority of patients who died were graded 3 in the Boterell scale and below 9 in the Glasgow scale. It was found a statistical correlation between death and: low Glasgow and high Boterell scales grading, motor ocular nerve palsy, motor deficit, decerebration signs, broncopneumonia, large diameter and area of hematomas. No statistical correlation was found regarding survival and treatment with dexametasone, antifibrinolitics, anticonvulsivants, antihypertensive drugs and diuretics. Use of manitol, fall in the systolic blood pressure and surgical therapy increased the mortality rate. From 14 patients who underwent surgical drainage, 11 died. The main complication who lead to death was broncopneumonia. A discussion is made on HIE pathogenesis, localization, present day incidence, clinical findings, death causes, size of hematomas and type of treatment used.


CONTEÚDO CONTENTS

Lineu Cesar WerneckI; Rosana Hermínia ScolaII; Leila Elizabeth FerrazII

IProfessor Adjunto de Neurologia. Trabalho realizado no Serviço de Doenças Neuromusculares e Especialidade de Neurologia do Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital de Clínicas (HC) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)

IINeurologista e Estagiária do Serviço de Doenças Neuromusculares. Trabalho realizado com o auxílio do CNPq, bolsa 820224/88-O/CL

RESUMO

Foram analisados retrospectivamente 121 pacientes com hematomas intracerebrais espontâneos (HIE): com média de idade de 53,4 ±14,8 anos, 62,8% do sexo masculino, tempo médio de sangramento na admissão de 36 horas (3 horas a 12 dias); 63,5% estavam acima de 7 na escala de Glasgow e 81,9% com grau igual ou maior que 3 na escala de Botterel. Os HIE eram: em gânglios da base em 45,5%, multilobares em 14,7%, lobares em 22,8%, no tronco cerebral em 4% e cerebelares em 2%. Seus diâmetros médios eram de 46,6 mm (16 a 33) e a área média de 1422,9 mm2 (60 a 4818). O LCR em 67 casos revelou pressão inicial média de 234 mmH20 (30 a 700) e concentrarão proteica média de 416,9 mg/dl (30 a 1960). O tratamento foi conservador em 107 casos e cirúrgico em 14. Sobreviveram 55,8% dos pacientes; a maioria dos que faleceram estava em grau acima de 3 na escala de Boterell e abaixo de 9 na de Glasgow. Houve correlação estatística entre a sobrevida e óbito com a escala de Glasgow e com a de Boterell, paralisia de músculos oculares, déficit motor, sinais de descerebração, broncopneumonia, diâmetro e área do hematoma; não houve relação estatística com uso de dexametasona, antifibrinolítico, anticonvulsivantes e diuréticos. O uso de manitol e a queda da pressão arterial nos primeiros dias tiveram relação com maior mortalidade Dos 14 casos submetidos a cirurgia, 11 faleceram. A principal complicação que levou a óbito foi broncopneumonia. São feitos comentários sobre a patogenia dos HIE, incidência atual, sinais clínicos» localização, tamanho, causas de óbito e tratamento empregado em relação ao prognóstico.

SUMMARY

Results are reported on the study of 121 patients commited by spontaneous intracerebral haematomas (HIE): mean age 53.4 years, 62.8% males, mean admission time of 36 hours (3 hours to 12 days) from onset; 63.5% were graded over 7 in the Glasgow scale and 81.9% were graded 3 or over in the Boterell scale. The HIE location was 45.5% in the basal ganglia, multilobar in 14.7%, lobar in 22.8%, brain stem in 4%, and cerebelum in 2%. The mean diameter was 46.6 mm (16-93) and mean area was 1422.9 mm2 (60-4818). CSF in 67 cases showed mean opening pressure of 234 mmH20 and mean protein content of 416.9 mg/dl. Treatment was conservative in 107 cases and surgical in 14; 55.8% cases survived. The majority of patients who died were graded 3 in the Boterell scale and below 9 in the Glasgow scale. It was found a statistical correlation between death and: low Glasgow and high Boterell scales grading, motor ocular nerve palsy, motor deficit, decerebration signs, broncopneumonia, large diameter and area of hematomas. No statistical correlation was found regarding survival and treatment with dexametasone, antifibrinolitics, anticonvulsivants, antihypertensive drugs and diuretics. Use of manitol, fall in the systolic blood pressure and surgical therapy increased the mortality rate. From 14 patients who underwent surgical drainage, 11 died. The main complication who lead to death was broncopneumonia. A discussion is made on HIE pathogenesis, localization, present day incidence, clinical findings, death causes, size of hematomas and type of treatment used.

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Agradecimento - Agradecemos ao Dr. M. Vinicius Ferreira, pela orientação no estudo tomográfico.

Dr. Lineu César Werneck - Rua Ewaldo Schiebler 780 - 82600 Curitiba PR - Brasil.

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  • Hematomas intracerebral espontâneos estudo de 121 casos

    Spontaneous intracerebral haematomas: a study of 121 cases.
  • Datas de Publicação

    • Publicação nesta coleção
      22 Fev 2011
    • Data do Fascículo
      Mar 1991
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