Controle e regulação da circulação sanguínea no sistema vértebro-basilar: revisão de literatura

Moreira, Milton Baggio

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1982000400008

Resumos

O autor estabelece analogia entre o mecanismo de controle e regulação do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral e de proteção da parede vascular da carótida interna constituído pelo conjugado "carótida-interna-seio cavernoso" com o conjunto representado pelo sistema "vertebro-basilar-seio occipital transversal ou basilar" (extensão dos seios cavernosos), na regulação e controle da circulação encefálica realizada através destes últimos vasos, bem como a proteção de suas paredes vasculares. O autor acredita ser muito difícil demonstrar praticamente o funcionamento destes mecanismos, mas muito lógico e fácil de raciocinar a respeito dos mesmos, valorizá-los e dar a importância e significado ou finalidade que forçosamente devem ter e não somente considerá-los caprichos da natureza e aspectos anatômicos bizarros.

The author stablishes an analogy between the control mechanism and regulation of the cerebral blood flow and of protection of the vascular wall of the internal carotid constituted by the conjunction "internal carotid-cavernous sinus" with the group represented by the system "vertebro basilar-transverse occipital sinus or basilar" (an extension of the cavernous sinus) in the regulation and control of the encephalic circulation carried out through this latter vessels, together with the protection of its vascular walls. The author believes to be very difficult to demonstrate in practice the functionning of these mechanisms, but it is very logical and easy to reason about them, to value them and to give the importance and meaning or motive wich forcibly they should have and not simply consider them as freakes of nature and bizarre anatomical features.

Controle e regulação da circulação sanguínea no sistema vértebro-basilar: revisão de literatura

Control and regulation of the blood circulation in the vertebro-basilar system: review of the literature

Milton Baggio Moreira

Professor de Neurologia da Faculdade Evangélica de Medicina do Paraná; Professor de Neuro-anatomia da Universidade Federal do Paraná

RESUMO

O autor estabelece analogia entre o mecanismo de controle e regulação do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral e de proteção da parede vascular da carótida interna constituído pelo conjugado "carótida-interna-seio cavernoso" com o conjunto representado pelo sistema "vertebro-basilar-seio occipital transversal ou basilar" (extensão dos seios cavernosos), na regulação e controle da circulação encefálica realizada através destes últimos vasos, bem como a proteção de suas paredes vasculares. O autor acredita ser muito difícil demonstrar praticamente o funcionamento destes mecanismos, mas muito lógico e fácil de raciocinar a respeito dos mesmos, valorizá-los e dar a importância e significado ou finalidade que forçosamente devem ter e não somente considerá-los caprichos da natureza e aspectos anatômicos bizarros.

SUMMARY

The author stablishes an analogy between the control mechanism and regulation of the cerebral blood flow and of protection of the vascular wall of the internal carotid constituted by the conjunction "internal carotid-cavernous sinus" with the group represented by the system "vertebro basilar-transverse occipital sinus or basilar" (an extension of the cavernous sinus) in the regulation and control of the encephalic circulation carried out through this latter vessels, together with the protection of its vascular walls.

The author believes to be very difficult to demonstrate in practice the functionning of these mechanisms, but it is very logical and easy to reason about them, to value them and to give the importance and meaning or motive wich forcibly they should have and not simply consider them as freakes of nature and bizarre anatomical features.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

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1. AUBIN, M. L.; PALEIRAC, R. & TRASERRA, J. - Radioanatomie du golfe jugulaire et de ses collaterales antérieurs. Ann. Radiol. (Paris), 17:247, 1974.
2. BARON, F.; LEGENT, F. & HERZOG, B. - A propôs de la jugulographie rétrograde. Ann. Otolaryngol. Chir. Cervicofac. (Paris), 88:681, 1971.
3. BENABID, A. L.; DE ROUGEMONT. J. & BARGE, M. - Pression veineuse cerebrate, pression sinusale et pression intracranienne. Neuro-Chirurgie (Paris). 20:623, 1974.
4. DAVIS, M. & D'AQUILA, R. - Acute intravenous infusion in freely moving rats through the sagital and transverse sinuses. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. (Phoenix). 4:469, 1976.
5. EGOROVA, V. V. - Receptors of venous sinuses of the dura-mater in man. Arkh. Anat. (Moscow), 39:83, 1960.
6. FAIZULLIN, M. Kh. & SUBBOTIN. N. P. - Roentgen anatomy of the dura-mater processes, venous sinuses and their practical significance. Vopr. Neirokhir. (Moscow) 27:13, 1963.
7. GALLIGIONI, F.; BERNARDI, R. & PELLONE, M. - Studio angiografico delle vene della fossa cranica posteriore in condizioni normali. Chir. Ital. (Verona) 20:1803, 1968.
8. GERASIMOV, E. - Differences in the structure of the suboccipital venous plexus. Vopr. Neirokhir. (Moscow) 31:27, 1967.
9. GILLILAN, L. A. - Blood vessels, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid. In CROSBY. E. C; HUMPHREY, T. & LAUER, E. W. - Correlative anatomy of the nervous system. MacMillan Co. New York, 1962. p. 565-71.
10. GILLS, J. R.; KAPP, J. P.; ODOM, G. L. & DURHAM, N. C. - Benign intracranial hypertension: pseudotumor cerebri from obstruction of dural sinuses. Arch. Ophthal. (New York), 78:592, 1967.
11. HACKER, H. - Abflubwege der sylvischen venengruppe. Der Radiologe (Berlin) 8:383, 1968.
12. HANDA, J.; YONEDA, S. & HANDA, H. - Venous sinus occlusion with a dural arteriovenous malformation of the posterior fossa. Surg. Neurol. (Boston) 4:433, 1975.
13. HIRAI, J. - Experimental studies on ligation of superior sagital sinus. J. Krimamoto Med. Soc. (Tokio) 43:800, 1969.
14. KAPLAN, H. A. - The arteries and veins of the brain: a study in 3D. Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc. (New York) 98:326, 1973.
15. KAPLAN, H. A. & BROWDER, J. - Neurosurgical consideration of some features of the cerebral dural sinuses and their tributaires. Clin. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 23:155, 1976.
16. KAPLAN, H. A. & BROWDER, J. - Importance of veins in partial cerebral lobectomy. J. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 41:360. 1974.
17. KAPLAN, H. A.; BROWDER, J.; KNIGHTLY, J. J.; RUSH Jr., B. F. & BROWDER. A. - Variations of the cerebral dural sinuses at the torcular herophili: importance in radical neck dissection. Am. J. Sur. (New York) 124:456, 1972.
18. KAPP, J. P.; ALFRED, H. C. & JONES, T. - Isotope sinograms. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 44:393, 1976.
19. KASTE, M. & TROUPP, H. - Effect of experimental brain injury on blood pressure, cerebral sinus pressure, cerebral venous orygen tension, respiration and acid-base balance. J. Neurosurg. (Hanover) 36:625, 1972.
20. KLESTRCHEVA-TASITS, R. P. - Technic of infecting the surface of the venous system of the cerebrum. Arkr. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. (Moscow) 65:107, 1973.
21. MARSHALL, J. - Diagnostico y tratamiento de las afecciones cerebro-vasculares. Ed. Yims, Barcelona, 1970. p. 1-30.
22. MELARAGNO, R. F. & SANVITO, W. L. - Doenças vasculares do encefalo. Liv. Manole Ltda. São Paulo, 1975. p. 3-14.
23. MORACE, E. - Cranio lacunare associated a complesso dismorfismo del sistema venoso cerebrale. Minerva Med. (Milano) 66:1726, 1975.
24. MOREIRA, M. B. - Importancia do conjugado artéria carótida interna-seio cavernoso. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiat. (São Paulo) 35:362, 1977.
25. MORETTI, J. A. - Highly placed jugular bulb and conductive deafness secondary to sinuse-jugular hypoplasia. Arch. Otolaryngol. (Chicago) 102:430, 1976.
26. MOSKALENKO, IuE; ITANOVA, T. I. & VAINSHTEIN, G. B. - Ob ustoichivosti sistemy unutricherepnogo. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR (Moscow), 1:37, 1973.
27. MUCHNIK, M. S.; OGLEZNEV, KIa. & VIKHERT, T. M. - Reconstruction of the walls of a cerebral venous sinus: experimental study. Vopr. Neirokhir. (Moscow)
28. OGAWA, T. K.; SO, S. K.; GERBERG, E. & KAN TER, S. A. - Jugular-dural sinuses - jugular reflux in dynamic brain-flow imaging as a sign of unilateral innominate vein obstruction: case report. J. Nucl. Med. (New York), 18:39, 1977.
29. OHTA, T.; WAGA, S.; HANDA, H.; NISHIMURA, S. & MITANI, T. - Sinus pericranii. J. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 42:704, 1975.
30. OSTERHOLM, J. L. - Reaction of the cerebral venous sinus system to acute intracranial hypertension. J. Neurosurg. (Hanover), 32:654, 1970.
31. PERNKOPF, E. - Anatomia Topográfica Humana. Ed. Labor S.A. Barcelona, 1968. p. 66, 66a, 66b, e 73b.
32. PERRY, M. O.; LEE, J. F. & HORTON, J. - Maintenance of cerebral blood flow during carotid reconstruction. Am. J. Surg. (New York) 120:346, 1970.
33. REINHARD, K. R.; MILLER, M. E. & EVANS, H. E. - The cranio-vertebral veins and sinus of the dog. Am. J. Anat. (Philadelphia) 111:67, 1962.
34. RODERMOND, J. M. - Sinus pericranii. Radiol. Clin. (Basel) 45:272, 1976.
35. ROUBOTHAM, G. F. - Circulation of the cerebral hemispheres. British J. Surg. (Bristol) 52:8, 1965.
36. SAHAR, A.; HOCHWALD, G. M. & RANSOHOFF, J. - Cerebrospinal fluid and cranial sinus pressures: relationship in normal and by hydrocephalic cats. Arch. Neurol. (New York) 23:413, 1970.
37. SHULTE, A. M. & ESCH, J. - Retrograde venography by catheter approach of the internal jugular vein for analysis of the cerebral venous blood. Prakt. Anasth. (Stuttgart.) 10:14, 1976.
38. TAKESHIGE, Y. - The significance oil the venous system for the hemodynamics of the brain stem. Anat. Anz. (Jena) 125:166, 1969.
39. TESTUT, L. & LATARJET, A. - Tratado de Anatomia Humana. Tomo II, Salvat. Ed. S.A., Barcelona, 1954. p. 457-65.
40. TRUEX, R. C. & CARPENTER, M. B. - Neuroanatomia Humana. Versão castelhana. El. Atheneo, Buenos Aires, 1975, p. 78-86.
41. VOSHINTSEV, V. A. - Functional morphology of the venous system of the duramater. Arkh. Anat. (Moscow) 46:76, 1964.
42. YTJHL, E. T. & SCHMITZ, A. L. - The occipital emissary channel and increased intracranial pressure. Acta Radiol. (Stockolm) 9:124, 1969.
43. ZOLNAI, B. - The connection between the vertebral artery and the vertebral and cerebral veins in the atlantooccipital segment in man. Anat. Anz. (Jena) 114:406, 1964.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
15 Ago 2012
Data do Fascículo
Dez 1982

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. AUBIN, M. L.; PALEIRAC, R. & TRASERRA, J. - Radioanatomie du golfe jugulaire et de ses collaterales antérieurs. Ann. Radiol. (Paris), 17:247, 1974.

[2] 2. BARON, F.; LEGENT, F. & HERZOG, B. - A propôs de la jugulographie rétrograde. Ann. Otolaryngol. Chir. Cervicofac. (Paris), 88:681, 1971.

[3] 3. BENABID, A. L.; DE ROUGEMONT. J. & BARGE, M. - Pression veineuse cerebrate, pression sinusale et pression intracranienne. Neuro-Chirurgie (Paris). 20:623, 1974.

[4] 4. DAVIS, M. & D'AQUILA, R. - Acute intravenous infusion in freely moving rats through the sagital and transverse sinuses. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. (Phoenix). 4:469, 1976.

[5] 5. EGOROVA, V. V. - Receptors of venous sinuses of the dura-mater in man. Arkh. Anat. (Moscow), 39:83, 1960.

[6] 6. FAIZULLIN, M. Kh. & SUBBOTIN. N. P. - Roentgen anatomy of the dura-mater processes, venous sinuses and their practical significance. Vopr. Neirokhir. (Moscow) 27:13, 1963.

[7] 7. GALLIGIONI, F.; BERNARDI, R. & PELLONE, M. - Studio angiografico delle vene della fossa cranica posteriore in condizioni normali. Chir. Ital. (Verona) 20:1803, 1968.

[8] 8. GERASIMOV, E. - Differences in the structure of the suboccipital venous plexus. Vopr. Neirokhir. (Moscow) 31:27, 1967.

[9] 9. GILLILAN, L. A. - Blood vessels, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid. In CROSBY. E. C; HUMPHREY, T. & LAUER, E. W. - Correlative anatomy of the nervous system. MacMillan Co. New York, 1962. p. 565-71.

[10] 10. GILLS, J. R.; KAPP, J. P.; ODOM, G. L. & DURHAM, N. C. - Benign intracranial hypertension: pseudotumor cerebri from obstruction of dural sinuses. Arch. Ophthal. (New York), 78:592, 1967.

[11] 11. HACKER, H. - Abflubwege der sylvischen venengruppe. Der Radiologe (Berlin) 8:383, 1968.

[12] 12. HANDA, J.; YONEDA, S. & HANDA, H. - Venous sinus occlusion with a dural arteriovenous malformation of the posterior fossa. Surg. Neurol. (Boston) 4:433, 1975.

[13] 13. HIRAI, J. - Experimental studies on ligation of superior sagital sinus. J. Krimamoto Med. Soc. (Tokio) 43:800, 1969.

[14] 14. KAPLAN, H. A. - The arteries and veins of the brain: a study in 3D. Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc. (New York) 98:326, 1973.

[15] 15. KAPLAN, H. A. & BROWDER, J. - Neurosurgical consideration of some features of the cerebral dural sinuses and their tributaires. Clin. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 23:155, 1976.

[16] 16. KAPLAN, H. A. & BROWDER, J. - Importance of veins in partial cerebral lobectomy. J. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 41:360. 1974.

[17] 17. KAPLAN, H. A.; BROWDER, J.; KNIGHTLY, J. J.; RUSH Jr., B. F. & BROWDER. A. - Variations of the cerebral dural sinuses at the torcular herophili: importance in radical neck dissection. Am. J. Sur. (New York) 124:456, 1972.

[18] 18. KAPP, J. P.; ALFRED, H. C. & JONES, T. - Isotope sinograms. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 44:393, 1976.

[19] 19. KASTE, M. & TROUPP, H. - Effect of experimental brain injury on blood pressure, cerebral sinus pressure, cerebral venous orygen tension, respiration and acid-base balance. J. Neurosurg. (Hanover) 36:625, 1972.

[20] 20. KLESTRCHEVA-TASITS, R. P. - Technic of infecting the surface of the venous system of the cerebrum. Arkr. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. (Moscow) 65:107, 1973.

[21] 21. MARSHALL, J. - Diagnostico y tratamiento de las afecciones cerebro-vasculares. Ed. Yims, Barcelona, 1970. p. 1-30.

[22] 22. MELARAGNO, R. F. & SANVITO, W. L. - Doenças vasculares do encefalo. Liv. Manole Ltda. São Paulo, 1975. p. 3-14.

[23] 23. MORACE, E. - Cranio lacunare associated a complesso dismorfismo del sistema venoso cerebrale. Minerva Med. (Milano) 66:1726, 1975.

[24] 24. MOREIRA, M. B. - Importancia do conjugado artéria carótida interna-seio cavernoso. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiat. (São Paulo) 35:362, 1977.

[25] 25. MORETTI, J. A. - Highly placed jugular bulb and conductive deafness secondary to sinuse-jugular hypoplasia. Arch. Otolaryngol. (Chicago) 102:430, 1976.

[26] 26. MOSKALENKO, IuE; ITANOVA, T. I. & VAINSHTEIN, G. B. - Ob ustoichivosti sistemy unutricherepnogo. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR (Moscow), 1:37, 1973.

[27] 27. MUCHNIK, M. S.; OGLEZNEV, KIa. & VIKHERT, T. M. - Reconstruction of the walls of a cerebral venous sinus: experimental study. Vopr. Neirokhir. (Moscow)

[28] 28. OGAWA, T. K.; SO, S. K.; GERBERG, E. & KAN TER, S. A. - Jugular-dural sinuses - jugular reflux in dynamic brain-flow imaging as a sign of unilateral innominate vein obstruction: case report. J. Nucl. Med. (New York), 18:39, 1977.

[29] 29. OHTA, T.; WAGA, S.; HANDA, H.; NISHIMURA, S. & MITANI, T. - Sinus pericranii. J. Neurosurg. (Baltimore) 42:704, 1975.

[30] 30. OSTERHOLM, J. L. - Reaction of the cerebral venous sinus system to acute intracranial hypertension. J. Neurosurg. (Hanover), 32:654, 1970.

[31] 31. PERNKOPF, E. - Anatomia Topográfica Humana. Ed. Labor S.A. Barcelona, 1968. p. 66, 66a, 66b, e 73b.

[32] 32. PERRY, M. O.; LEE, J. F. & HORTON, J. - Maintenance of cerebral blood flow during carotid reconstruction. Am. J. Surg. (New York) 120:346, 1970.

[33] 33. REINHARD, K. R.; MILLER, M. E. & EVANS, H. E. - The cranio-vertebral veins and sinus of the dog. Am. J. Anat. (Philadelphia) 111:67, 1962.

[34] 34. RODERMOND, J. M. - Sinus pericranii. Radiol. Clin. (Basel) 45:272, 1976.

[35] 35. ROUBOTHAM, G. F. - Circulation of the cerebral hemispheres. British J. Surg. (Bristol) 52:8, 1965.

[36] 36. SAHAR, A.; HOCHWALD, G. M. & RANSOHOFF, J. - Cerebrospinal fluid and cranial sinus pressures: relationship in normal and by hydrocephalic cats. Arch. Neurol. (New York) 23:413, 1970.

[37] 37. SHULTE, A. M. & ESCH, J. - Retrograde venography by catheter approach of the internal jugular vein for analysis of the cerebral venous blood. Prakt. Anasth. (Stuttgart.) 10:14, 1976.

[38] 38. TAKESHIGE, Y. - The significance oil the venous system for the hemodynamics of the brain stem. Anat. Anz. (Jena) 125:166, 1969.

[39] 39. TESTUT, L. & LATARJET, A. - Tratado de Anatomia Humana. Tomo II, Salvat. Ed. S.A., Barcelona, 1954. p. 457-65.

[40] 40. TRUEX, R. C. & CARPENTER, M. B. - Neuroanatomia Humana. Versão castelhana. El. Atheneo, Buenos Aires, 1975, p. 78-86.

[41] 41. VOSHINTSEV, V. A. - Functional morphology of the venous system of the duramater. Arkh. Anat. (Moscow) 46:76, 1964.

[42] 42. YTJHL, E. T. & SCHMITZ, A. L. - The occipital emissary channel and increased intracranial pressure. Acta Radiol. (Stockolm) 9:124, 1969.

[43] 43. ZOLNAI, B. - The connection between the vertebral artery and the vertebral and cerebral veins in the atlantooccipital segment in man. Anat. Anz. (Jena) 114:406, 1964.