Abstract
Silence over the philosophies of education. Within the concept constellation that runs through concepts like ideology, disciplinary power, emancipation, deschooling, historical-criticism, defense of schooling and self-learning, the students’ protests within and for the school are blurred in its contestant and inventive potential. We aim to question the philosophies of education regarding the role of the school protests in their processes of appropriation and transformation of the school, taking into consideration, especially, the high-school and college students’ occupations, or ocupas, and the resistance and cooperation movements undertook by all the students. We propose a cartography of the school resistances from the philosophy statements within the school from the relationships of power and, on the other hand, the ones where the school rises as a possible place of emancipation and transformation. Among the philosophical approaches analyzed are the theory of Ideological State Apparatuses, Louis Althusser, the disciplinary power dispositifs of Michael Foucault, the concept of deschooling provided by Ivan Illich, the pedagogy of the oppressed by Paulo Freire, the historical-critical pedagogy by Dermeval Saviani, the defense of the school promoted by Jan Masschelein and Maarten Simons and, finally, the liberating self-learning as proposed by David Ribeiro Tavares. We can conclude that, unlikely the suggested by the high-school and college students’ occupations, a long philosophical tradition about education is, consistently, denying students their role of active elements in the invention of school, investing little or no reflection on the students’ fights.
Philosophy of education; Occupation; Autonomy; Power and education; Students’ resistance