Breeding of a high-yield strain for commercial cultivation by crossing <i>Pholiota adiposa</i>

Pholiota adiposa is a mushroom with excellent nutritional and medicinal properties. However, fruiting body yields are low, and the commercial cultivation potential of this fungus is limited. Here, 279 crossbred strains were obtained by the mono-mono crossing of monokaryotic strains derived from P. adiposa HS5 and HS4. Laccase enzymes and mycelial growth rates were used as markers to screen the crossbred strains, and 18 strains were selected for further analysis. Crossbred strain A10B4 displayed the highest yield (i.e. 165.91 ± 12.56 g per bag), which was 31.34 g and 74.48 g more than that of strains HS5 and HS4, respectively. The mycelial colonization time of A10B4 was 25.18 ± 1.33 d, which was 5.64 d shorter than that of HS5. A10B4 was characterized by inter-simple sequence repeat molecular markers. Differences in PCR products from parental and crossbred strains were observed. Therefore, the newly developed hybrid strain A10B4, named P. adiposa HS54 exhibiting high yield, might be suitable for commercial cultivation.

Index terms:
Mushroom; ligninolytic enzymes; mycelial growth.

Authorship

Chengbo Rong

Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, ChinaBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesChinaChinaInstitute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, China

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-0591

Shuang Song

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-5941

Li Yang

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3258-8497

Xuejiao Pan

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4820-8033

Yu Liu

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-1910

Shouxian Wang ^**Corresponding author: wangshouxian2002@163.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-5497

^*Corresponding author: wangshouxian2002@163.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1:
Decolorization of HS4 and HS5 monokaryons on PDA plates containing RBBR. The RBBR decolorization degree was scored as 1 (+), 2 (++), 3 (+++), or 4 (++++). The red circles represent halos of RBBR decolorization. A, B, C, and D show RBBR decolorization degrees of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; 1 represents the lowest degree of RBBR decolorization (The color of the halos is the darkest) and 4 represents the highest degree of RBBR decolorization (The color of the halos is the lightest).

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Figure 2:
Morphological characteristics of HS4, HS5, and crossbred strain fruiting bodies. HS4 and HS5 were parental strains.

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Figure 3:
Amplification products obtained by PCR using ISSR primers and DNA from HS4, HS5, and A10B4. M, marker; lane 1, HS4; lane 2, HS5; lane 3, A10B4. Arrows indicate genetic markers showing a difference between strain A10B4 and the parental strains.

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Table 1:
Mycelial growth rate and decolorization degree of crossbred and parental strains.

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Table 2:
Comparison of the production yields and mycelial colonization times of fruiting bodies.

Figure 1: Decolorization of HS4 and HS5 monokaryons on PDA plates containing RBBR. The RBBR decolorization degree was scored as 1 (+), 2 (++), 3 (+++), or 4 (++++). The red circles represent halos of RBBR decolorization. A, B, C, and D show RBBR decolorization degrees of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; 1 represents the lowest degree of RBBR decolorization (The color of the halos is the darkest) and 4 represents the highest degree of RBBR decolorization (The color of the halos is the lightest).

Figure 2: Morphological characteristics of HS4, HS5, and crossbred strain fruiting bodies. HS4 and HS5 were parental strains.

Figure 3: Amplification products obtained by PCR using ISSR primers and DNA from HS4, HS5, and A10B4. M, marker; lane 1, HS4; lane 2, HS5; lane 3, A10B4. Arrows indicate genetic markers showing a difference between strain A10B4 and the parental strains.

Table 1: Mycelial growth rate and decolorization degree of crossbred and parental strains.

Number	Crossbred strain	Mycelial growth rate (mm/d)	Decolorization degree
Parental strain strain strains strain	HS4	3.46±0.10	1
Parental strain	HS5	2.29±0.17	2
1	A5B1	3.14±0.09	1
2	A1B18	2.81±0.16	2
3	A1B17	2.66±0.23	2
4	A1B11	2.57±0.12	2
5	A1B12	2.57±0.18	2
6	A1B6	2.53±0.12	2
7	A10B5	2.47±0.05	3
8	A16B3	2.46±0.05	3
9	A20B3	2.44±0.08	3
10	A13B4	2.43±0.03	2
11	A8B6	2.40±0.12	3
12	A17B21	2.38±0.06	2
13	A21B6	2.38±0.06	2
14	A4B6	2.36±0.12	3
15	A14B4	2.36±0.15	3
16	A10B4	2.35±0.03	3
17	A20B12	2.35±0.03	3
18	A8B9	2.34±0.08	2
19	A6B6	2.34±0.04	3
20	A13B6	2.31±0.08	2
21	A7B6	2.31±0.03	3
22	A10B12	2.30±0.08	4
23	A16B6	2.30±0.05	4
24	A11B2	2.29±0.06	3
25	A14B21	2.29±0.04	3
26	A4B5	2.27±0.07	3
27	A21B12	2.27±0.05	4
28	A13B21	2.26±0.07	3
29	A10B10	2.25±0.06	3
30	A20B21	2.25±0.03	3
31	A14B6	2.24±0.10	4
32	A4B9	2.20±0.04	3
33	A13B12	2.19±0.03	4
34	A19B12	2.16±0.06	4
35	A12B3	2.16±0.15	4
36	A16B10	2.16±0.04	3
37	A13B3	2.16±0.12	3
38	A11B12	2.14±0.07	4
39	A7B2	2.14±0.13	4
40	A4B12	2.11±0.05	4
41	A19B3	2.09±0.10	4
42	A12B10	2.07±0.07	4
43	A14B14	2.02±0.12	3
44	A21B2	2.00±0.10	3
45	A13B2	2.00±0.05	4
46	A20B2	1.97±0.05	4
47	A9B8	1.96±0.07	3
48	A16B5	1.96±0.08	4
49	A14B10	1.94±0.05	4
50	A10B3	1.94±0.06	4
51	A8B8	1.94±0.04	4
52	A14B5	1.93±0.05	4
53	A15B19	1.93±0.10	4
54	A4B2	1.93±0.06	4
55	A14B2	1.92±0.12	4
56	A4B20	1.92±0.05	3
57	A6B10	1.87±0.05	4
58	A7B10	1.84±0.09	4
59	A21B10	1.81±0.08	4
60	A21B11	1.75±0.03	4
61	A9B10	1.60±0.02	4

Bold letters represented the strains selected for fruiting body production.

Table 2: Comparison of the production yields and mycelial colonization times of fruiting bodies.

Strain	Weight of fruiting body (g)	Biological efficiency (%)	Mycelial colonization time (days)
HS5 (Parental strain) strain)	134.57±5.45 b ^*	40.78±1.65 b	30.82±0.98 a
HS4 (Parental strain) strain)	91.43±5.24 cd	27.71±1.59 cd	24.72±1.01 g
A10B4	165.91±12.56 a	50.28±3.81 a	25.18±1.33 efg
A14B4	161.87±10.03 a	49.05±3.04 a	26.09±1.70 def
A8B6	123.20±12.84 b	37.33±3.89 b	26.36±1.69 cde
A7B6	102.67±17.46 c	31.11±5.27 c	29.82±1.08 a
A10B5	91.60±10.32 cd	27.76±3.13 cd	24.36±1.03 g
A1B11	74.70±6.59 d	22.64±2.00 d	26.91±0.94 bcd
A1B6	72.57±12.73 de	21.99±3.86 de	27.64±1.12 b
A1B17	54.47±8.43 ef	16.51±2.55 ef	27.27±1.62 cde
A1B12	54.33±14.33 ef	16.46±4.34 ef	27.36±1.43 bc
A1B18	47.33±3.79 f	14.34±1.15 f	25.00±1.18 fg

^* Means in each column followed by the same letters are not significantly different at P < 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range tests.

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Breeding of a high-yield strain for commercial cultivation by crossing <i>Pholiota adiposa</i>

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[1] ^*Corresponding author: wangshouxian2002@163.com