Influência de eletroconvulsões sôbre a permeabilidade da barreira sangue-cérebro ao azul tripan

Costa, Jaderson Costa da

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1972000100001

Resumos

Foi estudada a influência de eletroconvulsões sôbre a permeabilidade da BSC ao azul tripan, em ratos. Para a indução de eletroconvulsões foram usados eletródios corneais de Spiegel e um estimulador. A avaliação da permeabilidade da BSC foi feita mediante exame macro e microscópico do encéfalo de animais injetados com azul tripan, corante que normalmente não tinge o SNC. Foi verificado que as únicas estruturas intracranianas coradas, tanto nos animais submetidos a eletroconvulsões antes da injeção do corante, como nos testemunhas que não receberam eletrochoques, foram as meninges e a epífise. A intensidade de coloração da epífise dependia do tempo de permanência do corante no espaço vascular. Entretanto, quando o corante foi injetado antes de submeter os animais a eletroconvulsões, ocorreu tingimento do SNC, pelo azul tripan. Sugere-se a existência de um mecanismo homeostático para manter a integridade do meio interno do neurônio.

The effect of electrically induced convulsions upon the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to trypan blue was studied in 67 rats. A sequence of 12 electroshocks over a period of 30 days, 24 hours or 3 hours were produced with the Spiegel's corneal electrodes and a stimulator. The permeability study of the blood-brain barrier was performed through the gross and microscopic anatomical examinations of the central nervous system of animals injected with trypan blue, supravital dye, which normaly does not get through the blood-brain barrier and thus does not stain the brain. It was verified that only the pineal body and the meninges have been stained in both treated and non-treated electrochocked groups. The stain intensity of the pineal body was proportional to the duration of the dye in the vascular space (one, two or three hours). Nevertheless staining of the central nervous system was observed when the dye was injected before the animals had been subjected to 12 electroshocks/3 hours. The results of the present study suggest that the increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier to trypan blue, in rats treated with repeated electrically induced convulsions, persists only for short periods of time. It is possible that the increased permeability is related to increased neuronal activity during electroshocks.

Influência de eletroconvulsões sôbre a permeabilidade da barreira sangue-cérebro ao azul tripan

Influence of electroconvulsions on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to trypan blue

Jaderson Costa da Costa

Departamento de Fisiologia, Farmacologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul: Bolsista do Conselho de Pesquisas da UFRGS

RESUMO

Foi estudada a influência de eletroconvulsões sôbre a permeabilidade da BSC ao azul tripan, em ratos. Para a indução de eletroconvulsões foram usados eletródios corneais de Spiegel e um estimulador. A avaliação da permeabilidade da BSC foi feita mediante exame macro e microscópico do encéfalo de animais injetados com azul tripan, corante que normalmente não tinge o SNC. Foi verificado que as únicas estruturas intracranianas coradas, tanto nos animais submetidos a eletroconvulsões antes da injeção do corante, como nos testemunhas que não receberam eletrochoques, foram as meninges e a epífise. A intensidade de coloração da epífise dependia do tempo de permanência do corante no espaço vascular. Entretanto, quando o corante foi injetado antes de submeter os animais a eletroconvulsões, ocorreu tingimento do SNC, pelo azul tripan. Sugere-se a existência de um mecanismo homeostático para manter a integridade do meio interno do neurônio.

SUMMARY

The effect of electrically induced convulsions upon the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to trypan blue was studied in 67 rats. A sequence of 12 electroshocks over a period of 30 days, 24 hours or 3 hours were produced with the Spiegel's corneal electrodes and a stimulator. The permeability study of the blood-brain barrier was performed through the gross and microscopic anatomical examinations of the central nervous system of animals injected with trypan blue, supravital dye, which normaly does not get through the blood-brain barrier and thus does not stain the brain.

It was verified that only the pineal body and the meninges have been stained in both treated and non-treated electrochocked groups. The stain intensity of the pineal body was proportional to the duration of the dye in the vascular space (one, two or three hours). Nevertheless staining of the central nervous system was observed when the dye was injected before the animals had been subjected to 12 electroshocks/3 hours.

The results of the present study suggest that the increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier to trypan blue, in rats treated with repeated electrically induced convulsions, persists only for short periods of time. It is possible that the increased permeability is related to increased neuronal activity during electroshocks.

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Departamento de Fisiologia, Farmacologia e Biofísica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 90000 Porto Alegre, RS Brasil

Nota do autor Agradecemos à Dra. Maria Marques pela orientação, crítica e estímulo à realização dêste trabalho; ao Conselho de Pesquisas pela confiança depositada; à Maria Cláudia C. Irigoyen pelas preparações histológicas; ao Prof. Celso P. Jaeger pelos conselhos e por ter possibilitado a realização do estudo microscópico; ao Sr. Cláudio A. Juchem pela ajuda na confecção das lâminas; à Sra. Suely Vieira pela ajuda na montagem da técnica de eletroconvulsões; ao Prof. Paolo Contu e ao bolsista Nilton Bradão pela orientação na técnica histológica; e às funcionárias do Serviço de Bibliografia e Documentação da UFRGS.

1. AIRD, R. B.; STRAIT, L. A.; PACE, J. W.; HRENOFF, M. K. & BOWDITCH, S. C. Neurophysiology effects of electrically induced convulsions. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chicago) 75:371, 1956.
2. ANGEL, C.; HARTMAN, A. M.; BURKETT, M. L. & ROBERTS, A. J. Effects of electroshock and trypan red on the blood-brain barrier and response retention in the rat. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 140:405, 1965.
3. BEHNSEN, G. Über die Farbstoffspeicherung im Zentral nervensystem der weissen Maus in verschiedenen Alterszuständen. Zeitsch. f. Zellforsch, u. mikr. Anat. 4:515, 1927.
4. CONTU, P. Observaçőes experimentais sôbre os espaços perivasculares no căo (nota prévia). Arq. Inst. Anat. 6:5, 1963-1964.
5. DAVSON, H. Intracranial and intraocular fluids. InHandbook of Physiology, sect. I, Neurophysiology, vol. 3. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1960.
6. DOBBING, J. The blood-brain barrier. Physiol. Rev. 41:130, 1961.
7. DRILL, V. A. Pharmacology in Medicine. Mcgraw-Hill Book Co., New York-Toronto-London, 1958.
8. FLEXNER, L. B. Some problems of the origin, circulation ad absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid. Quart. Rev. Biol. 8:397, 1933.
9. FRIEDEMANN, U. Blood-brain barrier. Physiol. Rev. 22:125, 1942.
10. GOLDMANN, E. E. Die äussere und innere sekretion des gesunden und kranken Organismus im lichte der "vitalen Färbung". Beitr. Klin. Chir. 64: 192, 1909.
11. GORDON, H. L. Fifty shock therapy theories. Mil. Surgeon 103:397, 1948.
12. HERLIN, L. On phosphate exchange in the central nervous system with special reference to metabolic activity in barriers. Acta Physiol. Scand., Suppl. 127, nr. 37, 1956.
13. KROGH, A. The active and passive exchanges of inorganic ions through the sufaces of living cells and through living membranes generally. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 133:140, 1946.
14. LEE, J. C. & OLSZEWSKI, J. Increased cerebrovascular permeability after repeated electroshocks. Neurology (Minneapolis) 11:515, 1961.
15. MACKLIN, C. C. & MACKLIN, M. T. A study of brain repair in the rat by the use of trypan blue. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 3:353, 1920.
16. MERRITT, H. H. & PUTNAM, T. J. A new series of anticovulsant drugs tested by experiments on animal. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 39:1003, 1938.
17. PUTNAM, T. J. The intercolumnar tubercle: an undescribed area in the anterior wall of the third ventricle. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 33:181, 1922.
18. RODRÍGUES-PÉREZ, A. P.; JARAMILLO, G. & GÓMEZ, J. Permeabilización de la barrera hematoencefalica com electroshock. Rev. med. Rio Grande do Sul 8:93, 1951.
19. ROMEIS, B. Guia-Formulário de Técnica histológica. Editorial Labor, Barcelona, 1928.
20. ROZDILLSKY, B. & OLSZEWSKI, J. Permeability of cerebral blood vessels studied by radioactive iodinated bovine albumin. Neurology (Minneapolis) 7: 270, 1957.
21. SCHULEMANN, W. Beiträge zur Vitalfarbung. Arch. f. mikr. Anat. 79:223, 1912.
22. SPIEGEL, E. A. Quantitative determination of the convulsive reactivity by electrical stimulation of the brain with the skull intact. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 22:1274, 1937.
23. SPIEGEL, E. A.; SPIEGEL-ADOLF, M. & HENNY, G. Physicochemical changes in brain accompanying electrically induced convulsive discharges. Tr. Amer. Neurol. Ass. 68:174, 1942.
24. SPIEGEL, E. A. & SPIEGEL-ADOLF, M. Physicochemical effects of electrically induced convulsions: cerebrospinal fluid studies. Tr. Amer. Neurol. Ass. 70:130, 1944.
25. SPIEGEL-ADOLF, M.; SPIEGEL, E. A.; ASHKENAZY, E. W. & LEE, A. J. Physicochemical effects of electrically induced convulsions: cerebrospinal fluid studies. J. Neuropath. Exper. Neurol. 5:277, 1945.
26. WHITE, A.; HANDLER, P. & SMITH, E. Principles of Biochemistry. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 1967.
27. WISLOCKI, G. B. & PUTNAM, T. J. Note on the anatomy of the areae postremae. Anat. Rec. 19:281, 1920.
28. WISLOCKI, G. B. & KING, L. S. The permeability of the hypophysis and hypothalamus to vital dyes, with a study of the hypophyseal vascular supply. Amer. J. Anat. 58:421, 1936.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
19 Abr 2013
Data do Fascículo
Mar 1972

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. AIRD, R. B.; STRAIT, L. A.; PACE, J. W.; HRENOFF, M. K. & BOWDITCH, S. C. Neurophysiology effects of electrically induced convulsions. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chicago) 75:371, 1956.

[2] 2. ANGEL, C.; HARTMAN, A. M.; BURKETT, M. L. & ROBERTS, A. J. Effects of electroshock and trypan red on the blood-brain barrier and response retention in the rat. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 140:405, 1965.

[3] 3. BEHNSEN, G. Über die Farbstoffspeicherung im Zentral nervensystem der weissen Maus in verschiedenen Alterszuständen. Zeitsch. f. Zellforsch, u. mikr. Anat. 4:515, 1927.

[4] 4. CONTU, P. Observaçőes experimentais sôbre os espaços perivasculares no căo (nota prévia). Arq. Inst. Anat. 6:5, 1963-1964.

[5] 5. DAVSON, H. Intracranial and intraocular fluids. InHandbook of Physiology, sect. I, Neurophysiology, vol. 3. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1960.

[6] 6. DOBBING, J. The blood-brain barrier. Physiol. Rev. 41:130, 1961.

[7] 7. DRILL, V. A. Pharmacology in Medicine. Mcgraw-Hill Book Co., New York-Toronto-London, 1958.

[8] 8. FLEXNER, L. B. Some problems of the origin, circulation ad absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid. Quart. Rev. Biol. 8:397, 1933.

[9] 9. FRIEDEMANN, U. Blood-brain barrier. Physiol. Rev. 22:125, 1942.

[10] 10. GOLDMANN, E. E. Die äussere und innere sekretion des gesunden und kranken Organismus im lichte der "vitalen Färbung". Beitr. Klin. Chir. 64: 192, 1909.

[11] 11. GORDON, H. L. Fifty shock therapy theories. Mil. Surgeon 103:397, 1948.

[12] 12. HERLIN, L. On phosphate exchange in the central nervous system with special reference to metabolic activity in barriers. Acta Physiol. Scand., Suppl. 127, nr. 37, 1956.

[13] 13. KROGH, A. The active and passive exchanges of inorganic ions through the sufaces of living cells and through living membranes generally. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 133:140, 1946.

[14] 14. LEE, J. C. & OLSZEWSKI, J. Increased cerebrovascular permeability after repeated electroshocks. Neurology (Minneapolis) 11:515, 1961.

[15] 15. MACKLIN, C. C. & MACKLIN, M. T. A study of brain repair in the rat by the use of trypan blue. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 3:353, 1920.

[16] 16. MERRITT, H. H. & PUTNAM, T. J. A new series of anticovulsant drugs tested by experiments on animal. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 39:1003, 1938.

[17] 17. PUTNAM, T. J. The intercolumnar tubercle: an undescribed area in the anterior wall of the third ventricle. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 33:181, 1922.

[18] 18. RODRÍGUES-PÉREZ, A. P.; JARAMILLO, G. & GÓMEZ, J. Permeabilización de la barrera hematoencefalica com electroshock. Rev. med. Rio Grande do Sul 8:93, 1951.

[19] 19. ROMEIS, B. Guia-Formulário de Técnica histológica. Editorial Labor, Barcelona, 1928.

[20] 20. ROZDILLSKY, B. & OLSZEWSKI, J. Permeability of cerebral blood vessels studied by radioactive iodinated bovine albumin. Neurology (Minneapolis) 7: 270, 1957.

[21] 21. SCHULEMANN, W. Beiträge zur Vitalfarbung. Arch. f. mikr. Anat. 79:223, 1912.

[22] 22. SPIEGEL, E. A. Quantitative determination of the convulsive reactivity by electrical stimulation of the brain with the skull intact. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 22:1274, 1937.

[23] 23. SPIEGEL, E. A.; SPIEGEL-ADOLF, M. & HENNY, G. Physicochemical changes in brain accompanying electrically induced convulsive discharges. Tr. Amer. Neurol. Ass. 68:174, 1942.

[24] 24. SPIEGEL, E. A. & SPIEGEL-ADOLF, M. Physicochemical effects of electrically induced convulsions: cerebrospinal fluid studies. Tr. Amer. Neurol. Ass. 70:130, 1944.

[25] 25. SPIEGEL-ADOLF, M.; SPIEGEL, E. A.; ASHKENAZY, E. W. & LEE, A. J. Physicochemical effects of electrically induced convulsions: cerebrospinal fluid studies. J. Neuropath. Exper. Neurol. 5:277, 1945.

[26] 26. WHITE, A.; HANDLER, P. & SMITH, E. Principles of Biochemistry. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 1967.

[27] 27. WISLOCKI, G. B. & PUTNAM, T. J. Note on the anatomy of the areae postremae. Anat. Rec. 19:281, 1920.

[28] 28. WISLOCKI, G. B. & KING, L. S. The permeability of the hypophysis and hypothalamus to vital dyes, with a study of the hypophyseal vascular supply. Amer. J. Anat. 58:421, 1936.