|
Structure of a full-length research article
Figures, Tables, and Acknowledgments should be sent as separated files and not as part of the body of the manuscript.
The article is divided into sections with numbered headings, in bold and aligned to the left, in the following order: 1. Introduction, 2. Material and Methods, 3. Results, 4. Discussion, and 5. Conclusions. The sections Acknowledgments (optional) and References should not be numered. The Material and Methods, Results, and Discussion sections can contain subsections, which will be defined by authors if they find it convenient for helping readability making it clear, accurate, and concise.
Manuscript format
The text should be typed by using Cambria font at 12 points, double-space (except for Abstract and Tables, which should be set at 1.5 space), and top, bottom, left, and right margins of 2.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 2.5 cm, respectively, with numered lines. The file must be edited by using Microsoft Word® software
Title
The title should be precise and informative, with no more than 20 words. It should be typed in bold and centered as the example: Nutritional value of sugar cane for ruminants. Names of sponsor of grants for the research should always be presented in the Acknowledgments section.
Authors
The name and institutions of authors will be requested at the submission process; therefore they should not be presented in the body of the manuscript. Please see the topic Guidelines to submit the manuscript for details.
The list of authors must contain all authors’ full name with no initials, current e-mail address, and complete information about their affiliation. This list must follow the same authorship order presented in the Assurance of Contents form.
Spurious and "ghost" authorships constitute an unethical behavior. Collaborative inputs, hand labor, and other types of work that do not imply intellectual contribution may be mentioned in the Acknowledgments section.
All authors must have their ORCID linked to the ScholarOne system account at the time of manuscript submission.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, for the sake of clarity, transparency, and to give authors the credit they deserve, is now including an Author Contributions section in all primary research paper issued. We endorse the Project CRediT taxonomy of contributor roles which is available at https://casrai.org/credit/.
The RBZ editorial office will require that the corresponding author disclose the statement at the time of manuscript submission describing the roles exerted by each contributor as follows:
Abstract
The abstract should contain no more than 1,800 characters including spaces in a single paragraph. The information in the abstract must be precise. Extensive abstracts will be returned to be adequate with the guidelines.
The abstract should summarize the objective, material and methods, results and conclusions. It should not contain any introduction. References are never cited in the abstract.
The text should be justified and typed at 1.5 space and come at the beginning of the manuscript with the word ABSTRACT capitalized, and initiated at 1.0 cm from the left margin. To avoid redundancy the presentation of significance levels of probability is not allowed in this section.
Keywords
A t the end of the abstract, list a minimum of three and no more than six keywords (which must not be in the tittle), set off by commas and presented in alphabetical order. They should be elaborated so that the article is quickly found in bibliographical research. The keywords should be justified and typed in lowercase. There must be no period mark after keywords
Introduction
The introduction should not exceed 2,500 characters with spaces, briefly summarizing the context of the subject, the justifications for the research and its objectives; otherwise it will be rerouted for adaptation. Discussion based on references to support a specific concept should be avoided in the introduction.
Inferences on results obtained should be presented in the Discussion section.
Material and Methods
Whenever applicable, describe at the beginning of the section that the work was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and approved by the Ethics and Biosafety Committee of the institution. Provide the ethics committee numbe r as follows: “Research on animals was conducted according to the institutional committee on animal use (case number).”
As for the location of the experiment, it should contain city, state, country, and geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude, elevation). Names of universities, laboratories, farms or any other intitutions must not be mentioned.
A clear description on the specific original reference is required for biological, analytical and statistical procedures. Any modifications in those procedures must be explained in detail.
The presentation of the statistical model as a separate sentence and a numbered equation is mandatory whenever the research is about designed experiments, observational studies, or survey studies. All terms, assumptions, and fitting procedures must be fully described to allow readers for a correct identification of the experimental unit and how the model was fitted.
We strongly recommend the use of Greek lowercase letters for fixed effects and Latin lowercase letters for variables and random effects for the sake of notation standardization.
Mathematical formulas and equations must be inserted in the text as an object and by using Microsoft Equation or a similar tool.
All mathematical formulas, including the statistical model(s), must be numbered
Results
The author must write two sections by separating results and discussion. In the Results section, sufficient data, with means and some measure of uncertainty (standard error, coefficient of variation, confidence intervals, etc.) are mandatory, to provide the reader with the power to interpret the results of the experiment and make his own judgment. The additional guidelines for styles and units of RBZ should be checked for the correct understanding of the exposure of results in tables. The Results section cannot contain references.
Discussion
In the Discussion section, the author should discuss the results clearly and concisely and integrate the findings with the literature published to provide the reader with a broad base on which they will accept or reject the author's hypothesis.
Loose paragraphs and references presenting weak relationship with the problem being discussed must be avoided. Neither speculative ideas nor propositions about the hypothesis or hypotheses under study are encouraged.
Conclusions
Be absolutely certain that this section highlights what is new and the strongest and most important inferences that can be drawn from your observations. Include the broader implications of your results. The conclusions are stated by using the present tense.
Do not present results in the conclusions, except when they are strictly important for the generalization.
Acknowledgments
This section is optional and must not be included in the body of the manuscript; instead, a separate file named Acknowledgments should be uploaded as “supplemental file NOT for review”. This procedure helps RBZ to conceal the identity of authors from the reviewers.
Use of abbreviations and acronyms
Author-created abbreviations and acronyms should be defined at first use in the abstract, again in the body of the manuscript, and in each table and figure in which they are used.
These type of author-created abbreviations and acronyms should be avoided: “The dry matter intake in T3 was higher than in T4”. This type of writing is appropriate for the author, but of complex understanding by the readers, and characterizes a verbose and imprecise writing.
Tables and Figures
It is essential that tables be built by option “Insert Table” in distinct cells, on Microsoft Word® menu. No tables with values separated by the ENTER key or pasted as figure will be accepted. Tables and figures prepared by other means will be rerouted to author for adequacy to the journal guidelines.
Tables and figures should be numbered sequentially in Arabic numerals, presented in two separate editable files to be uploaded (one for the tables and one for the figures), and must not appear in the body of the manuscript. They may be uploaded separately and in a higher number of files if the size of the files hampers the upload.
The title of the tables and figures should be short and informative, and the descriptions of the variables in the body of the table should be avoided.
In the graphs, designations of the variables on the X and Y axes should have their initials in capital letters and the units in parentheses.
Non-original figures, i.e., figures published elsewhere, are only allowed to be published in RBZ with the express written consent of the publisher or copyright owner. It should contain, after the title, the source from where they were extracted, which must be cited.
The units and font (Cambria) in the body of the figures and tables should be standardized.
The curves must be identified in the figure itself. Excessive information that compromises the understanding of the graph should be avoided.
Use contrasting markers such as circles, crosses, squares, triangles or diamonds (full or empty) to represent points of curves in the graph.
Figures should be built by using Microsoft Excel® to allow corrections during copy-editing, and uploaded as a separate editable Microsoft Word® file, named “Figures” during submission. Use lines with at least 3/4 width. Figures should be sent without any 3-D or shade effects and bold effect.
The decimal numbers presented within the tables and figures must contain a point, not a comma mark.
References
Reference and citations should follow the Name and Year System (Author-date).
Citations in the text
The author's citations in the text are in lowercase, followed by year of publication. In the case of two authors, use ‘and'; in the case of three or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author, followed by the abbreviation et al.
Examples:
Single author: Silva (2009) or (Silva, 2009)
Two authors: Silva and Queiroz (2002) or (Silva and Queiroz, 2002)
Three or more authors: Lima et al. (2001) or (Lima et al., 2001)
The references should be arranged chronologically and then alphabetically within a year, using a semicolon (;) to separate multiple citations within parentheses, e.g.: (Carvalho, 1985; Britto, 1998; Carvalho et al., 2001).
Two or more publications by the same author or group of authors in the same year shall be differentiated by adding lowercase letters after the date, e.g., (Silva, 2004a,b).
Personal communication can only be used if strictly necessary for the development or understanding of the study. Therefore, it is not part of the reference list, so it is placed only as a footnote. The author's last name and first and middle initials, followed by the phrase "personal communication", the date of notification, name, state and country of the institution to which the author is bound.
References section
References should be written in alphabetical order of surname of author(s), and then chronologically.
All authors' names must appear in the References section.
Each author is indicated by their last name followed by initials. Initials should be followed by period (.) and a space; the authors should be separated by semicolons, except for the last author that is preceded by the word ‘and’.
e.g.: Casaccia, J. L.; Pires, C. C. and Restle, J
Surnames with indications of relatedness (Filho, Jr., Neto, Sobrinho, etc.) should be spelled out after the last name (e.g., Silva Sobrinho, J.).
As in text citations, multiple citations of same author or group of authors in the same year shall be differentiated by adding lowercase letters after the date.
In the case of homonyms of cities, add the name of the state and country (e.g., Gainesville, FL, EUA; Gainesville, VA, EUA).
Sample references are given below.
Articles
The journal name should be written in full. Articles should be cited along with their DOI.
In order to standardize this type of reference, it is not necessary to quote the website, only volume, page range, year and DOI. Do not use a comma (,) to separate journal title from its volume; separate periodical volume from page numbers with a colon (:)
Miotto, F. R. C.; Restle, J.; Neiva, J. N. M.; Castro, K. J.; Sousa, L. F.; Silva, R. O.; Freitas, B. B. and Leão, J. P. 2013. Replacement of corn by babassu mesocarp bran in diets for feedlot young bulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 42:213-219. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982013000300009
Article with document number in place of pagination:
Marçal, D. A.; Kiefer, C.; Nascimento, K M. R. S.; Bonin, M. N.; Corassa, A.; Alencar, S. A. S.; Santos, A. P. and Rodrigues, G. P. R. 2018. Dietary net energy plans for barrows from 25 to 100 kg body weight. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 47:e20180038. https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4720180038
Articles accepted for publication should preferably be cited along with their DOI.
Fukushima, R. S. and Kerley, M. S. 2011. Use of lignin extracted from different plant sources as standards in the spectrophotometric acetyl bromide lignin method. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemitry, doi: 10.1021/jf104826n (in press).
Books
If the entity is regarded as the author, the abbreviation should be written first accompanied by the corporate body name written in full.
In the text, the author must cite the method utilized, followed by only the abbreviation of the institution and year of publication.
e.g.: "...were used to determine the mineral content of the samples (method number 924.05; AOAC, 1990)".
AOAC - Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. AOAC International, Arlington, VA.
Newmann, A. L. and Snapp, R. R. 1997. Beef cattle. 7th ed. John Wiley, New York.
Book chapters
The essential elements are: author (s), year, title and subtitle (if any), followed by the expression "In", and the full reference as a whole. Inform the page range after citing the title of the chapter.
Lindhal, I. L. 1974. Nutrición y alimentación de las cabras. p.425-434. In: Fisiologia digestiva y nutrición de los ruminantes. 3rd ed. Church, D. C., ed. Acríbia, Zaragoza.
Theses and dissertations
It is recommended not to mention theses and dissertations as reference but always to look for articles published in peer-reviewed indexed journals. Exceptionally, if necessary to cite a thesis or dissertation, please indicate the following elements: author, year, title, grade, university and location.
Castro, F. B. 1989. Avaliação do processo de digestão do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar auto-hidrolisado em bovinos. Dissertação (M.Sc.). Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba.
Bulletins and reports
The essential elements are: Author(s), year of publication, title, name of bulletin or report followed by the issue number, then the publisher and the city.
Goering, H. K. and Van Soest, P. J. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). Agriculture Handbook No. 379. ARS-USDA, Washington, D.C., USA.
Conferences, meetings, seminars, etc.
Quote a minimal work published as an abstract, always seeking to reference articles published in journals indexed in full.
Casaccia, J. L.; Pires, C. C. and Restle, J. 1993. Confinamento de bovinos inteiros ou castrados de diferentes grupos genéticos. p.468. In: Anais da 30ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, Rio de Janeiro.
Weiss, W. P. 1999. Energy prediction equations for ruminant feeds. p.176-185. In: Proceedings of the 61th Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. Cornell University, Ithaca.
Article and/or materials in electronic media
In the citation of bibliographic material obtained by the Internet, the author should always try to use signed articles, and also it is up to the author to decide which sources actually have credibility and reliability.
In the case of research consulted online, inform the address, which should be presented between the signs < >, preceded by the words "Available at" and the date of access to the document, preceded by the words "Accessed on:".
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2015. Produção da pecuária municipal. Available at: <https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/84/ppm_2015_v43_br.pdf>. Accessed on: Nov. 11, 2019
Quotes on statistical software
The RBZ does not recommend bibliographic citation of software applied to statistical analysis. The use of programs must be informed in the text in the proper section, Material and Methods, including the specific procedure, the name of the software, its version and/or release year.
"... statistical procedures were performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.2.)"
An exception is for software R packages, example:
R Core Team. 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
Structure of the article for short communication and technical note
The presentation of the title should be preceded by the indication of the type of manuscript whether it is a short communication or a technical note, which must be centered and bold.
The structures of short communications and technical notes will follow guidelines set up for full-length papers, limited, however, to 14 pages as the maximum tolerated for the manuscript.
Publishing fees applied to communications and technical notes are the same for full-length papers.
Additional guidelines for units
The Editorial Board recommends authors to follow the International System of Units - SI.
Additional guidelines for style and units - Abbreviation
|
