Areas of endemism of hummingbirds (Aves: Apodiformes: Trochilidae) in the Andean and Neotropical regions

Ouvernay, Daiane; Ferreira, Ildemar; Morrone, Juan J.

doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13673

Daiane Ouvernay ^**Corresponding author: Daiane Ouvernay (ouvernay@gmail.com)

Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Rodovia BR-465 km 7, 23897-970 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-7115

Ildemar Ferreira

Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Rodovia BR-465 km 7, 23897-970 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.

Juan J. Morrone

Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.

^*Corresponding author: Daiane Ouvernay (ouvernay@gmail.com)

Author Contributions:

DO and IF designed to the study; DO and JM analyzed the data; DO wrote the paper and IF and JM supervised the findings of this work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

Competing Interests:

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Editorial responsibility:

Luís Fábio Silveira

Track	Species	Provinces (Morrone 2014aMorrone JJ (2014a) Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 3782(1): 01-110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.... , 2015Morrone JJ (2015) Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936(2): 207-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.3 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.... )	Overlapping tracks
A	Eulampis holosericeus and Oreotrochilus estella	Lesser Antilles	Echeverry and Morrone (2013Echeverry A, Morrone JJ (2013) Generalized tracks, area cladograms and tectonics in the Caribbean. Journal of Biogeography 40(9): 1619-1637. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12117 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12117... ) - (Animal and plants) and del Río et al. (2015DelRío MG, Morrone JJ, Lanteri AA (2015) Evolutionary biogeography of South American weevils of the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Biogeography 42(7): 1293-1304. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12481 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12481... ) - Coleoptera
B	Leucippus baeri and Myrmia micrura	Ecuadorian + Cauca	Escalante et al. (2011Escalante T, Martínez-Salazar EA, Falcón-Ordaz J, Linaje M, Guerrero MR (2011) Análisis panbiogeográfico de Vexillata (Nematoda: Ornithostrongylidae) y sus huéspedes (Mammalia: Rodentia). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 27: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732 https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732... ) - (Nematoda)
D	Atthis ellioti; Campylopterus rufus and Doricha enicura	Chiapas Higlands + Veracruzan	Escalante et al. (2011Escalante T, Martínez-Salazar EA, Falcón-Ordaz J, Linaje M, Guerrero MR (2011) Análisis panbiogeográfico de Vexillata (Nematoda: Ornithostrongylidae) y sus huéspedes (Mammalia: Rodentia). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 27: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732 https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732... ) - (Nematoda)
E	Chalcostigma ruficeps, Heliodoxa aurescens, H. branickii and Eriocnemis sapphiropygia	Puna + Rondônia + Ucayali	Alzate et al. (2008Alzate F, Quijano-Abril MA, Morrone JJ (2008) Panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Journal of Biogeography 35(7): 1250-1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01896.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008... ) - (Alstroemeriaceae), Escalante et al. (2011Escalante T, Martínez-Salazar EA, Falcón-Ordaz J, Linaje M, Guerrero MR (2011) Análisis panbiogeográfico de Vexillata (Nematoda: Ornithostrongylidae) y sus huéspedes (Mammalia: Rodentia). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 27: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732 https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732... ) - (Nematoda) and Echeverry and Morrone (2010Echeverry A, Morrone JJ (2010) Parsimony analysis of endemicity as a panbiogeographical tool: an analysis of Caribbean plant taxa. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 101(4): 901-976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01535.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010... ) - (Vascular plants)
F	Adelomyia melanogenys, Amazilia viridicauda, Chalcostigma stanleyi and Metallura eupogon	Puna + Rondônia + Ucayali	Alzate et al. (2008Alzate F, Quijano-Abril MA, Morrone JJ (2008) Panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Journal of Biogeography 35(7): 1250-1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01896.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008... ) - (Alstroemeriaceae) and Escalante et al. (2011Escalante T, Martínez-Salazar EA, Falcón-Ordaz J, Linaje M, Guerrero MR (2011) Análisis panbiogeográfico de Vexillata (Nematoda: Ornithostrongylidae) y sus huéspedes (Mammalia: Rodentia). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 27: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732 https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732... ) - (Nematoda)
G	Aglaeactis aliciae and Metallura phoebe	Puna	del Río et al. (2015DelRío MG, Morrone JJ, Lanteri AA (2015) Evolutionary biogeography of South American weevils of the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Biogeography 42(7): 1293-1304. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12481 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12481... ) - Coleoptera
L	Amazilia decora, Chlorostilbon assimilis, Elvira chionura, Eupherusa nigriventris, Lampornis calolaemus, L. hemileucus, Lophornis adorabilis, Selasphorus flammula and S. scintilla	Guatuso-Talamanca + Puntarenas-Chiriquí	Escalante et al. (2011Escalante T, Martínez-Salazar EA, Falcón-Ordaz J, Linaje M, Guerrero MR (2011) Análisis panbiogeográfico de Vexillata (Nematoda: Ornithostrongylidae) y sus huéspedes (Mammalia: Rodentia). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 27: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732 https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732... ) - (Nematoda) and Escalante et al. (2011Escalante T, Martínez-Salazar EA, Falcón-Ordaz J, Linaje M, Guerrero MR (2011) Análisis panbiogeográfico de Vexillata (Nematoda: Ornithostrongylidae) y sus huéspedes (Mammalia: Rodentia). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 27: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732 https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732... ) - (Nematoda)
M	Chaetocercus heliodor and Heliangelus mavors	Guajira	Alzate et al. (2008Alzate F, Quijano-Abril MA, Morrone JJ (2008) Panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Journal of Biogeography 35(7): 1250-1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01896.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008... ) - (Alstroemeriaceae)
N	Amazilia castaneiventris, A. saucerottei, Anthocephala floriceps,Boissonneaua flavescens and Coeligena bonapartei	Magdalena + Cauca	Alzate et al. (2008Alzate F, Quijano-Abril MA, Morrone JJ (2008) Panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Journal of Biogeography 35(7): 1250-1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01896.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008... ) - (Alstroemeriaceae)
O	Heliangelus exortis, Heliodoxa imperatrix and Metallura williami	Cauca	Alzate et al. (2008Alzate F, Quijano-Abril MA, Morrone JJ (2008) Panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Journal of Biogeography 35(7): 1250-1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01896.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008... ) - (Alstroemeriaceae)
P	Eriocnemis nigrivestris, Haplophaedia lugens, Heliangelus strophianus and Urochroa bougueri	Cauca	del Río et al. (2015DelRío MG, Morrone JJ, Lanteri AA (2015) Evolutionary biogeography of South American weevils of the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Biogeography 42(7): 1293-1304. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12481 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12481... ) - Coleoptera and Alzate et al. (2008Alzate F, Quijano-Abril MA, Morrone JJ (2008) Panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae). Journal of Biogeography 35(7): 1250-1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01896.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008... ) - (Alstroemeriaceae)
R	Archilochus colubri and Hylocharis eliciae	Guatuso-Talamanca + Pacific Lowlands + Chiapas Highlands	Escalante et al. (2011Escalante T, Martínez-Salazar EA, Falcón-Ordaz J, Linaje M, Guerrero MR (2011) Análisis panbiogeográfico de Vexillata (Nematoda: Ornithostrongylidae) y sus huéspedes (Mammalia: Rodentia). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 27: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732 https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2011.271732... ) - (Nematoda)

Number in the cladogram	Synapomorphy	Dispersal	Extinction
2	Ancestor of Brilliants, Coquettes, Montain Gems, Patagona gigas, Bees and Emeralds	Ancestor of Topazes and Hermits	-
3	Bees and Patagona gigas	-	-
4	Ancestor of Patagona gigas, Montain Gems, Bees and Emeralds	Ancestor of Brilliants, Coquettes, Montain Gems, Patagona gigas, Bees and Emeralds	-
5	-	Mangoes and ancestor of Topazes and Hermits	-
6	-	Emeralds and Mangoes	-
7	-	Coquettes, Emeralds, Hermits and ancestor of Hermits	-
8	-	Brilliants, Emeralds and Hermits	-
9	-	Brilliants, Mangoes and ancestor of Brilliants, Coquettes, Montain Gems, Patagona gigas, Bees and Emeralds	Mangoes
10	-	Brilliants, Coquettes, Mangoes, Hermits and ancestor of Coquettes	-
11	Brilliants and Coquettes	Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Montain Gems, Topazes, Patagona gigas and ancestor of Topazes and Bees	-
12	Coquettes	Brilliants and Emeralds	-
13	Brilliants, Coquettes and Emeralds	Brilliants, Coquettes, Hermits and Mangoes	-
14	Brilliants and Hermits	Bees, Brilliants, Emeralds, Hermits and Mangoes	-
15	Brilliants, Emeralds and Hermits	Emeralds and Hermits	Coquettes and Emeralds
16	Brilliants and Coquettes	Brilliants, Hermits, Mangoes and ancestor of Mangoes	Brilliants and Emeralds
17	Brilliants	Brilliants, Emeralds, Mangoes, Montain Gems and ancestor of Montain Gems and Bees	-
18	Brilliants, Coquettes and Emeralds	Coquettes, Emeralds, Hermits and Mangoes	Hermits
19	-	Ancestor of Montain Gems, Bees, Emeralds and Patagona gigas	-
20	-	Ancestor of Brilliants, Coquettes, Montain Gems, Bees, Emeralds and Patagona gigas	-
21	-	Brilliants and Mangoes	-
22	Coquettes	Brilliants	-
23	-	Ancestor of Montain Gems, Bees, Emeralds and Patagona gigas	-
24	-	Brilliants, Emeralds and Mangoes	-
25	-	-	Ancestor of Mangoes, Brilliants, Coquettes, Montain Gems, Emeralds and Patagona gigas
26	-	Emeralds	-
27	-	Emeralds	Emeralds
28	-	Emeralds	-
29	-	Emeralds	-
30	-	Emeralds	-
31	-	Coquettes, Montain Gems and ancestor of Montain Gems and Bees	Emeralds
32	-	Emeralds, Mangoes, Patagona gigas and ancestor of Bees, Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Hermits, Mangoes, Montain Gems and Topazes	-
33	-	Emeralds and Hermits	-
34	-	Bees, Coquettes, Emeralds, Mangoes, Montain Gems, Patagona gigas and ancestor of Topazes, Hermits, Coquettes, Brilliants, Mantoes, Montain Gems, Bees and Emeralds	-
35	-	Bees	-
36	-	Hermits and Montain Gems	-
37	-	Emeralds	-
38	Emeralds	Emeralds and Hermits	-
39	Ancestor of Topazes	Hermits, Topazes and ancestor of Hermits and Topazes	-
40	-	Hermits and Mangoes	-
41	Emeralds	Hermits and Emeralds	-
42	Brilliants, Emeralds and Hermits	Brilliants, Mangoes, Patagona gigas, and ancestor of Bees, Briliiants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Mangoes and Montain Gems	-
43	-	Hermits and Montain Gems	-
44	Hermits	-	-
45	-	Emeralds and Hermits	Emeralds
46	-	Hermits	-
47	-	Hermits	Emeralds and Hermits
48	-	Emeralds	Hermits
49	Mangoes	Mangoes, Patagona gigas and ancestor of Bees, Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Mangoes and Montain Gems	Topazes
50	-	Emeralds and Hermits	Emeralds and Hermits
51	-	Mangoes	Ancestor of Hermits and Topazes
52	-	Emeralds, Hermits and Mangoes	-
53	Coquettes	Brilliants, Emeralds, Mangoes, Patagona gigas and ancestor of Bees, Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds and Montain Gems	-
54	-	-	Hermits and Mangoes
55	Mangoes	Mangoes	Emeralds
56	Emeralds	Emeralds	Hermits
57	Hermits	Brilliants, Emeralds, Hermits, Topazes and ancestor of Brilliants	Emeralds
58	-	Brilliants, Coquettes and Hermits	Mangoes and Topazes
59	-	Emeralds and Mangoes	Brilliants, Coquettes, Hermits, Patagona gigas and ancestor of Bees, Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Montain Gems
60	Emeralds and Mangoes	Emeralds	-
61	Mangoes	Emeralds	-
62	-	Emeralds	-
63	Emeralds and Mangoes	Mangoes	-
64	Emeralds and Mangoes	Bees, Emeralds, Mangoes and Montain Gems	-
65	-	Emeralds, Mangoes	-
66	-	Emeralds, Hermits and Montain Gems	Mangoes
67	Emeralds	Emeralds and Mangoes	-
68	-	Emeralds and Hermits	Coquettes and Hermits
69	-	Bees, Emeralds, Hermits, Mangoes and Montain Gems	-
70	-	-	Hermits
71	-	Bees, Emeralds and Mangoes	-
72	-	Emeralds	-
73	-	Emeralds, Hermits and Montain Gems	Emeralds
74	-	Brilliants, Emeralds, Hermits and Mangoes	Emeralds, Patagona gigas and ancestor of Bees, Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Hermits, Mangoes, Montain Gems and Topazes
75	-	Coquettes, Emeralds, Mangoes, Montain Gems and ancestor of Bees and Montain Gems	-
76	-	Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds and Hermits	Brilliants
77	-	Emeralds, Hermits and Mangoes	-
78	Emeralds	Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Hermits and Mangoes	-
79	Emeralds	Emeralds, Hermits and Mangoes	Brilliants and Coquettes
80	Brilliants	Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds and Montain Gems	Brilliants, Coquettes and Emeralds
81	-	Brilliants, Coquettes and Emeralds	Mangoes
82	Emeralds	Brilliants and Emeralds	Emeralds and Mangoes
83	Emeralds, Mangoes and Montain Gems	Bees, Emeralds, Mangoes and Montain Gems	Brilliants
84	Emeralds	Bees and Hermits	Montain Gems
85	Montain Gems	Emeralds and Montain Gems	Emeralds
86	Bees	Bees and Hermits	Emeralds
87	-	-	Patagona gigas, Emeralds and Montain Gems
88	Brilliants	Emeralds and Hermits	Brilliants and Coquettes
89	-	-	Brilliants and Patagona gigas
90	-	-	Coquettes and Brilliants
91	-	Bees	Emeralds and Hermits

[1] ^*Corresponding author: Daiane Ouvernay (ouvernay@gmail.com)

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Areas of endemism of hummingbirds (Aves: Apodiformes: Trochilidae) in the Andean and Neotropical regions

ABSTRACT