Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to investigate the evolution of China, Brazil and India participation in the pharmaceutical global value chains and how the development of their respective pharmaceutical industries impacted their positioning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The object of this research will be the State policies implemented in order to develop the pharmaceutical sector in the countries analyzed, as well as the impacts on its international insertion between 1980 and 2022. The article adopts the analytical framework of global value chains, which explains the division of production processes across different States and the concentration of production of intangible assets with high added value (such as technology and intellectual property) in important nodes (countries) of a given chain. In this sense, we propose the following research questions: how does the insertion of China, India and Brazil occur in global value chains in this sector? Which nodes did they manage to occupy? Answering these questions allows us to assess whether the international insertion of these countries took place in a subordinate manner or with a greater degree of autonomy and governance in the pharmaceutical chains. Finally, an analysis will be carried out of how the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the selected countries impacted their position in relation to the global pharmaceutical industry
Keywords:
Global Value Chains; Pharmaceutical Industry; Brazil; China; India.