A Study on the Ancient theater of official house in The Taihang mountain area of North Henan Province in China

Peng, Hengli; Li, Hanwen

doi:10.1590/0101-3173.2023.v46esp.p151

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Articles • Trans/Form/Ação 46 (spe) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2023.v46esp.p151 copy

A Study on the Ancient theater of official house in The Taihang mountain area of North Henan Province in China¹ 1 This work was supported by the Research Project of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, “Research on Modern Transformation of Rural Customs in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River” (Grant No.16JJD850001); “Investigation and Research of Ancient Theater in Central Plains” (Grant No. 2020-JCZD-04), the Major Basic Research Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Henan Province; “Research on Chinese Opera in the Context of Temple Culture in Central Plains” (Grant No. 2021CWX044), the Planning Research Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Henan province, with a phased achievement.

Uno studio Sull'antico teatro della Casa Ufficiale nell'area montuosa del Taihang nella Provincia dell'henan Settentrionale in Cina

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

As a particular type of ancient Chinese theater, talented theater of official house was mainly found in the Taihang Mountain area, in North Henan Province, which was formed in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The appearance of it is related to the local natural environment, folk culture and agricultural productivity. Through field investigation, it is found that there are eight existing theaters in the Taihang Mountain area of North Henan Province; among which three ones are newly discovered that have not been documented by the academic circle before, as well as several traditional Chinese opera steles and wall inscriptions. This is the first time the academic circle discloses relevant data and information. These provide physical evidence the performance of the village opera in the Taihang Mountain area of the Qing Dynasty, in China. Especially the inscriptions on the steles and the stage wall can reflect some features of the local opera performance since the Qing Dynasty, such as the type, time, troupe, and so on. To some extent, the richness of these ancient theaters of official house, with the architectural styles of ancient Chinese opera, has a significant value related to historical material and cultural relics. The first-hand data obtained in the investigation will also provide the latest research materials on ancient Chinese opera and theater architecture.

Keywords:
Official house; Ancient theater; Ancient opera; Folk belief

Theater location	Inscription name	Creation and repair time	Origin of the inscription	Remarks
Dongshui Village, Duli Town, Anyang County	The stele inscription of the renovation of official house	The 42^nd year of the Qianlong’s reign (1777 A.D.)	Yang Anmin. Records of Opera in Anyang City. Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 1992, p. 233.	The stele of rebuilding the official house dates to the 11^th year of Daoguang. There is a record in the inscription that „the official house was repaired in the 42^nd year of Qianlong’s reign, and it is not far from this year.”
East Ma’an village, Heshun Town, Linzhou City	The stele inscription of the renovation of official house	The 49^th year of the Qianlong’s reign (1784 A.D.)	The stele is now embedded in the west wall of the courtyard of the East Ma’an Village Committee.	The stele of rebuilding the official house was inscribed in 1796 in the first year of Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty. The inscription says that „in the 49^th year of Qianlong’s reign, Li Fude, a good man of the village, and all villagers worked together to build a new official house.”
Jiaoling Village, Tongye Town, Anyang County	The stele of the renovation of official house	June 15, the 9^th year of the Yongzheng’s reign (1731 A.D.)	The stele is now in Jiaoling Village	The original stele has no title; the inscription is the list of donors who rebuilt the official house in the 9^th year of Yongzheng’s reign.
East Lingxi Village, Duli Town, Anyang County	The stele inscription of the renovation of official house and the construction of theater	May 26, the 14^th year of the Guangxu’s reign (1888 A.D.)	The stele is now embedded in the gable on the north side of the theater in East Lingxi Village	The inscriptions are embedded in the wall, and some of the inscriptions are covered, but the information of time is clearly marked.
Lingxi Village, Shayao Town, Huixian County	The stele inscription of the construction of temple and theater	4^th year of the Republic of China (1915 A.D.)	The stele is now standing under the gallery of Lingxi Village	The original stele has no title, and the contents are the process of building official houses and theaters and the list of donors

Theater location	Age of Construction	Preservation status	Official house data	Theater data
East Lingxi Village, Duli Town, Anyang County	The 14^th year of the Tongzhi’s reign (1871 A.D.)	Well preserved	The surface width is 9.10m. The depth is 5.08m. The height is 5.41m.	The surface width is 6.73m. The height of the platform mouth is 2.94m. The height of the platform base is 1.44m, and the depth of the front stage is 3.85m. The depth backstage is 2.81m.
Nanyangcheng Village, Duli Town, Anyang County	Unknown	The theater has been destroyed, and the official house is in excellent condition.	The surface width is 8.46m. The depth is 7.40m. The height is 5.86m.
Dongshui Village, Duli Town, Anyang County	The 11^th year of the Daoguang’s reign (1831 A.D.)	The theater has been destroyed, and the official house is in excellent condition.	The surface width is 10.60m. The depth is 5.92m. The height is 5.50m.
Jiaoling Village, Tongye Town, Anyang County	The 9^th year of the Yongzheng’s reign (1731 A.D.)	The official house has been destroyed, and the theater is in excellent condition.		The surface width is 7.07m. The height of the platform mouth is 2.88m, the size of the platform base is 0.99m, and the depth of the front stages is 3.93m. The depth backstage is 3.11m.
Yanghe Village, Wulong Town, Linzhou City	Unknown	Well preserved	The surface width is 8.20m. The depth is 5.20m. The height is 5.20m.	The surface width is 7.29m. The height of the platform mouth is 2.96m, the size of the platform base is 1.56m, and the depth of the stage is 7.13m.
Dongma’an Village, Heshun Town, Linzhou City	The 1^st year of the Jiaqing’s reign (1796 A.D.)	The official house has been destroyed, and the theater is in excellent condition.		The surface width is 6.69m. The height of the platform mouth is 2.89m. The height of the platform base is 1.43m, and the depth of the front stage is 3.91m. The depth backstage is 2.80m.
Lingxi Village, Shayao Town, Huixian County	The 4^th year of the Republic of China (1915 A.D.)	Well preserved	The surface width is 8.74 m. The depth is 5.50m. The height is 5.430m.	The surface width is 6.74m. The height of the platform base is 1.49m, and the size of the platform mouth is 2.66m. The depth of the front stage is 4.66m. Backstage depth: 2.20m.
North Dongpo Village, Nancun Town, Huixian County	Unknown	The official house has been destroyed, and the theater is in excellent condition.		The surface width is 7.383m. The height of the platform base is 1.495m. The entrance height is 2.540m, and the depth of the front stage is 3.551m. The depth backstage is 1.751m.

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[TFN1] Data source: The table is made by the authors based on the information obtained from the field investigation and the research results of Yang Anmin (1992YANG, A. M. Records of Opera in Anyang City. Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou Ancient Books, 1992., p. 233).