Impact of teacher education abroad in international co-authorship: a study of Federal University of São Carlos’s scientifics production indexed in the Web of Science

REIS, José Eduardo dos; SARVO, Denilson de Oliveira; FARIA, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de; AMARAL, Roniberto Morato do

doi:10.1590/2318-0889202133e200061

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ORIGINAL • Transinformação 33 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0889202133e200061 copy

Impact of teacher education abroad in international co-authorship: a study of Federal University of São Carlos’s scientifics production indexed in the Web of Science

Impacto da formação docente no exterior na coautoria internacional: estudo da produção científica da Universidade Federal de São Carlos indexada na Web of Science

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Metric studies on internationalization, especially indicators of co-authorship, present challenges regarding the collection, representativeness, and reliability of the data measuring the impacts of international mobility. Aiming to contribute to the understanding of scientific collaboration initiatives, the present research’s objective was to investigate the relationship between outside teacher education, represented by the completion of a doctoral degree and post-doctoral internship, and international collaboration, identified by the international co-authorships in institutional scientific output. The research method was the exploratory case study, and the case unit was the Federal University of São Carlos. The Lattes Platform and the Web of Science were used as sources of information, and the sample analyzed comprised 12,787 scientific articles and 1,915 Lattes resumés. It was found that 1,850 teachers have doctoral or post-doctoral education (96.6%) and, of these, 632 graduated abroad (33.1%). Regarding the scientific output, 3,487 of the 12,787 articles were published in international co-authorship (27.3%). From the scientific output in international co-authorship, indicators on the groups of teachers with and without education abroad were analyzed. Among the indicators developed, 8.43 articles per teacher were identified for the group with education abroad, while in the group without education abroad, 4.26 articles were identified per teacher. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between doctoral or post-doctoral education abroad with international co-authorships, contributing to institutional internationalization.

Keywords
Analysis of scientific output; Bibliometry; Internationalization; Postgraduate studies; Scientific collaboration

Formation	Ph.D	Post-doctorate	Total Formation [Ph.D] + [Post-doctorate]	Number of teachers
Formation	n (%)	n (%)	Total Formation [Ph.D] + [Post-doctorate]	Number of teachers
United States	46 (17.9)	211 (82.1)	257	241
United Kingdom	37 (32.2)	78 (67.8)	115	108
France	36 (32.4)	75 (67.6)	111	98
Canada	6 (10.7)	50 (89.3)	56	54
Spain	6 (10.9)	49 (89.1)	55	55
Germany	13 (29.5)	31 (70.5)	44	42
Portugal	3 (8.3)	33 (91.7)	36	36
Italy	4 (18.2)	18 (81.8)	22	22
Bélgium	3 (18.8)	13 (81.3)	16	14
Japan	5 (38.5)	8 (61.5)	13	11
Holland	3 (30.0)	7 (70.0)	10	9
Denmark	3 (33.3)	6 (66.7)	9	9
Australia	0 (0.0)	8 (100.0)	8	8
Argentina	2 (28.6)	5 (71.4)	7	6
Sweden	0 (0.0)	4 (100.0)	4	4
Norway	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	2	2
Austria	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	2	2
Finland	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	2	2
Czech Republic	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	2	2
Israel	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	2	2
Uruguay	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	2	2
Ireland	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	2	2
Mexico	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	2	2
Russia	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	1	1
South Africa	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1	1
Switzerland	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1	1
New Zealand	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1	1
China	0 (0.0)	1(100.0)	1	1
Paraguay	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	1	1
Slovenia	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1	1
Polland	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1	1
Colombia	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1	1
Chile	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1	1
Total abroad formation	171 (21.7)	618 (78.3)	789	632
Total national formation	1,704 (72.6)	643 (27.4)	2,347	1,748
Total general formation	1,875 (59.8)	1,261 (40.2)	3,136	1,850 ^* * There is a difference of 65 teachers from the initial sample, with 1,915 teachers left. The ones excluded did not have complete Ph.D. or post-doctorate levels.

Country	Teachers who graduated in Brazil	With foreign formation			Without foreign formation
Country	Teachers who graduated in Brazil	Teachers who published articles with national authors	Articles in co-authorship with national authors	Articles per teacher	Teachers who published articles with national authors	Articles in co-authorship with national authors	Articles per teacher
United states	241	173	683	3.9	138	305	2.2
United Kingdom	108	132	295	2.2	73	157	2.1
France	98	92	287	3.1	55	96	1.7
Spain	55	107	314	2.9	66	210	3.2
Canada	54	96	202	2.1	43	80	1.9
Germany	42	106	303	2.9	54	123	2.3
Portugal	36	72	131	1.8	43	67	1.6
Italy	22	57	139	2.4	27	62	2.3
Belgium	14	31	50	1.6	22	35	1.6
Japan	11	26	73	2.8	13	25	1.9
Holland	9	29	55	1.9	15	28	1.9
Denmark	9	22	22	1.0	15	27	1.8
Australia	8	32	62	1.9	29	50	1.7
Argentina	6	54	108	2.0	29	48	1.7
Sweden	4	26	44	1.7	13	26	2.0
Czech Republic	2	12	34	2.8	12	31	2.6
Norway	2	10	35	3.5	5	17	3.4
Uruguay	2	13	48	3.7	10	11	1.1
Finland	2	7	12	1.7	5	11	2.2
Mexico	2	15	25	1.7	6	10	1.7
Ireland	2	7	17	2.4	8	10	1.3
Austria	2	17	18	1.1	7	7	1.0
Israel	2	9	9	1.0	2	2	1.0
Russia	1	22	101	4.6	13	27	2.1
Colombia	1	28	45	1.6	15	19	1.3
Chile	1	28	43	1.5	13	19	1.5
China	1	26	37	1.4	16	19	1.2
Polland	1	23	27	1.2	13	18	1.4
Switzerland	1	19	20	1.1	10	13	1.3
South Africa	1	6	9	1.5	9	10	1.1
New Zealand	1	5	4	0.8	4	4	1.0
Slovenia	1	3	3	1.0	2	3	1.5
Paraguay	1	1	1	1.0	0	0	0.0
Total ^* * The sample considers the countries where UFSCar’s teachers had their foreign education (Ph.D. or post-doctoral level). The Total is not the sum of the columns, but the overall total including 64 other countries where UFSCar teachers did not have their education in Ph.D. or post-doctoral levels.	632	328	2,766	8.43	301	1,284	4.26

Position	Country	Articles in co-authorship with the country’s authors
1^st	United States of America	853
2^nd	Spain	443
3^rd	Germany	357
4^th	France	333
5^th	United Kingdom	381
6^th	Canada	255
7^th	Portugal	190
8^th	Italy	166
9^th	Argentina	137
10^th	Russia	115
11^th	Cuba	96
12^th	Japan	96
13^th	Australia	95
14^th	Malaysia	81
15^th	Belgium	73
16^th	Holland	71
17^th	Sweden	61
18^th	Colombia	58
19^th	Chile	56
20^th	China	51
21^st	Uruguay	51
22^nd	Denmark	45
23^rd	Norway	45
24^th	Polland	40
25^th	Czech Republic	39
26^th	India	38
27^th	Ucraine	35
28^th	Mexico	34
29^th	Switzerland	31
30^th	Saudi Arabia	27
31^st	Ireland	26
32^nd	Thailand	26
33^rd	Bulgaria	24
34^th	Austria	23
35^th	South Korea	20
36^th	Finland	18
37^th	Peru	17
38^th	South Africa	17
39^th	Paquistan	16
40^th	Singapore	15
41^st	Nigeria	14
42^nd	Romania	14
43^rd	Peru	13
44^th	Israel	11
45^th	Taiwan	10
46^th	United Arab Emirates	10
47^th	Costa Rica	9
48^th	Ecuador	9
49^th	Greece	9
50^th	Wales	9
51^st	New Zealand	8
52^nd	Egypt	7
53^rd	Iran	7
54^th	Venezuela	7
55^th	Slovenia	6
56^th	Senegal	5
57^th	Vietnam	5
58^th	Hungary	4
59^th	Kenia	4
60^th	Algeria	3
61^st	Bangladesh	3
62^nd	Panama	3
63^rd	Serbia	3
64^th	Armenia	2
65^th	Croacia	2
66^th	Guinea-Bissau	2
67^th	Iceland	2
68^th	Indonesia	2
69^th	Iraq	2
70^th	Lithuania	2
71^st	Mozambique	2
72^nd	Tanzania	2
73^rd	Tunisia	2
74^th	Uganda	2
75^th	Zambia	2
76^th	Bahrain	1
77^th	Bolivia	1
78^th	Cameroon	1
79^th	Dominican Republic	1
80^th	El Salvador	1
81^st	Estonia	1
82^nd	Etiopia	1
83^rd	Federal Republic Germany	1
84^th	Fiji	1
85^th	Georgia	1
86^th	Ghana	1
87^th	Jamaica	1
88^th	Jordania	1
89^th	Kosovo	1
90^th	Lybia	1
91^st	Macedonia	1
92^nd	Malawi	1
93^rd	Malta	1
94^th	New Caledonia	1
95^th	Niger	1
96^th	North Korea	1
97^th	Oman	1
98^th	Paraguay	1
99^th	Reunion	1
100^th	Rwanda	1
101^st	Slovakia	1
102^nd	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	1

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: J.E. REIS. E-mail: reis.unicep@gmail.com.