A representação da touristificação nos meios de comunicação através da cartografia: o caso de Málaga

Chamizo-Nieto, Francisco José; Salazar, Nuria Nebot-Gómez de; Rosa-Jiménez, Carlos; Castro-Martínez, Andrea

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Sumário

ORIGINAL • Transinformação 35 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0889202335e237258 copiar

A representação da touristificação nos meios de comunicação através da cartografia: o caso de Málaga

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

A agenda da touristificação tem tido representação nos meios de comunicação nos últimos anos devido à especialização turística nas cidades. O estado da arte esteve focado no uso da análise de conteúdos; porém, as análise de conteúdos prévios não têm sido, tradicionalmente, cartografiados. O principal objetivo persegue um estudo aprofundado das problemáticas relacionadas com turismo urbano na imprensa e os stakeholders envolvidos nos mapas. Para mostrar a representação espacial da touristificação, foi escolhida a cidade de Málaga como caso de estudo e destino turístico emergente. O artigo analisa o conteúdo de 166 notícias sobre a touristificação em Málaga publicados até 2020, inclusive, nos jornais locais com maior impacto medido por número de leitores diários. Os tópicos tratados foram cartografados segundo o número de notícias por bairro. O mapa de densidade mostra um padrão comum para cada categoria: uma sobrerrepresentação do centro da cidade e uma redução no número de notícias por bairro segundo nos afastamos do centro histórico. Uma correlação de Pearson mostra uma alta associação entre bairros na imprensa com presença de várias iniciativas geolocalizadas nelas. Uma análise espacial expõe onde os impactos negativos da intensificação turística acontecem. Isto pode servir como base para os governos locais para o desenvolvimento de políticas urbanas para a preservação do uso residencial nestes bairros sob pressão turística. Este trabalho serve como uma base para novas investigações da touristificação: a incorporação de casos de estudo para identificar padrões urbanos comuns e para definir indicadores de conflito social através da geolocalização dos stakeholders envolvidos.

Palavras-chave
Análise de conteúdos da informação; Gentrificação; Intensificação turística; Overtourism; Sistemas de Informação Geográfica; Stakeholders

No. of news items^* * The start date analysis and the sum of news items analysed for each newspaper, and in total are shown where data are provided in the cited study.	Location(s)	Newspaper(s) analysed (no. of news items)^* * The start date analysis and the sum of news items analysed for each newspaper, and in total are shown where data are provided in the cited study.	Post news dates		Study
	Location(s)		Start date^* * The start date analysis and the sum of news items analysed for each newspaper, and in total are shown where data are provided in the cited study.	Finish date	Study
532	Spain	Over 100 different national, regional and local Spanish publications monitored by the digital newspaper archive MyNews	1^st March of 2020	31^st August of 2020	Mínguez, Blanco-Romero and Blázquez-Salom (2022)
395	Barcelona (Spain)	ABC (70) El Mundo (67) El País (68) La Razón (51) El Periódico (61) La Vanguardia (78)	1^st January of 2008	31^st August of 2017	Pérez-García and García Abad (2018)
389	USA	The New York Times (256) The Wall Street Journal (133)	-	11^th November of 2015	*Lehmann et al. (2020)*Lehmann, J. et al. Talking institutions in the sharing economy: a content analysis of actor quotes in the print media and a taxonomy of discursive strategies. In: vom Brocke, J.; Gregor, S.; Muller, O. (ed.). 27th European Conference on Information Systems: Information Systems for a Sharing Society - ECIS 2019, 8-14 June 2019. Stockholm and Uppsala, Sweden: Association for Information Systems, 2020. Available from: https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2019_rp/1. Cited: Jul. 12, 2021. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2019_rp/1...
387	UK/USA	The Guardian (162) New York Post (225)	-	20^th November of 2017	Ozdemir and Turker (2019)Ozdemir, G.; Turker, D. Institutionalization of the sharing in the context of Airbnb: a systematic literature review and content analysis. Anatolia, v. 30, n. 4, p. 601-613, 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2019.1669686. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2019.16...
328	Barcelona (Spain)	La Vanguardia El Periódico de Catalunya El País Diari Ara Crónica Global Expansión	2008	2020	González-Reverté and Soliguer-Guix (2022)
272	Halifax (Canada)	CBC Nova Scotia (37) Chronicle-Herald (175) Daily News (41) Metro Halifax (18) The Coast (1)	1^st January of 1996	31^st December of 2015	Grant, Derksen and Ramos (2019)Grant, J. L.; Derksen, J.; Ramos, H. Regulating marginality: how the media characterises a maligned housing option. International Journal of Housing Policy, v. 19, n. 2, p. 192-212, 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19491247.2018.1436848. https://doi.org/10.1080/19491247.2018.14...
247	Lisbon (Portugal)	Correio da Manhã Público Expresso Observador	2011	2017	Boager and Castro (2022)Boager, E.; Castro, P. Lisbon’s unsustainable tourism intensification: contributions from social representations to understanding a depoliticised press discourse and its consequences. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, v. 30, n. 8, p. 1956-1971, 2022. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1970173. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.19...
216	UK	The Guardian (156) The Times (60)	2012	2014	le Grand (2020)
215	SF Bay Area, (California)	Chronicle (79) Guardian (65) Business Times (14) Examiner (27) East Bay Express (11) Oakland Tribune (19)	1995	2005	Gin and Taylor (2010)Gin, J.; Taylor, D. E. Movements, neighborhood change, and the media – Newspaper coverage of anti-gentrification activity in the San Francisco Bay Area: 1995–2005. In: Taylor, D. E. (ed.). Environment and Social Justice: An International Perspective (Research in Social Problems and Public Policy, Vol. 18). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2010. p. 75-114. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S0196-1152(2010)0000018005. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0196-1152(2010)...
170	West Side, Buffalo, (NY)	The Buffalo News Buffalo Rising Buffalo Spree	2010	2016	Adelman, Balta Ozgen and Rabii (2019)Adelman, R. M.; Balta Ozgen, A.; Rabii, W. Buffalo’s West Side Story: migration, gentrification, and neighborhood change. City & Community, v. 18, n. 3, p. 770-791, 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12412. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12412...
168	Spain	El País (97) El Mundo (12) ABC (7) eldiario.es (52)	1^st January of 2018	31^st December of 2018	Egio-Rubio and Fernández Toledo (2020)
123	6/31 LGA (Sydney)	Manly Daily (27) Inner West Courier (20) Mosman Daily (23) North Shore Times (15) Southern Courier (5) Central Sydney (17) Wentworth Courier (22)	-	2018	Hassanli, Small and Darcy (2022)Hassanli, N.; Small, J.; Darcy, S. The representation of Airbnb in newspapers: a critical discourse analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, v. 25, n. 19, p. 3186-3198, 2022. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1669540. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.16...
		Jornal de Letras, Artes & Ideias (5) Expresso (6) Jornal Económico (16) The Portugal News (4) Diário de Notícias (24)
122	Portugal	Correio da Manhã (12) Diário de Notícias da Madeira (3) Jornal de Negócios (10) Jornalde Notícias (12) Jornal O Jogo (4) Jornal Público (25) Jornal Record (1)	15^th March of 2018	15^th March of 2019	Guizi, Breda and Costa (2020)Guizi, A.; Breda, Z.; Costa, R. How are overtourism and host–guest relationships portrayed by the Portuguese print media? International Journal of Tourism Cities, v. 6, n. 1, p. 215-232, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-06-2019-0081. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-06-2019-008...
-	La Zona Romántica and Marina Vallarta Neighbourhoods, (Puerto Vallarta, Mexico)	Vallarta Independiente	2017	2019	Huízar Sanchéz, López Ramos and Baños Francia (2020)
-	El Poblenou Neighbourhood, (Barcelona, Spain)	La Vanguardia El Periódico	1^st May of 2016	1^st July of 2018	Mansilla López (2019)

Newspaper	Daily readers (in 1,000s)	Location				Topic
Newspaper	Daily readers (in 1,000s)	Malaga	Seville	Andalusia	Spain	Sports	Economy
Diario SUR	148	●
Marca	60				●	●
El País	38				●
As	28				●	●
El Mundo	20				●
ABC	17				●
Málaga hoy	16	●
La Razón	10				●
La Opinión de Málaga	10	●
Viva	8			●
20 Minutos	7				●
Ideal de Andalucía	6			●
Mundo Deportivo	4				●	●
La Vanguardia	2				●
Sport	2				●	●
Expansión	2				●		●
El Periódico	1			●
Diario de Sevilla	1		●
Cinco Días	1				●		●

Topic			Content
Ref.	Category	No. of news^* * A news item can cover more than one category or subcategory.	Ref.	Subcategory	No. of news^* * A news item can cover more than one category or subcategory.
A	Public space	78	A1	Catering trade: terraces and restaurants	52
			A2	Leisure events and commodification of public space	26
			A3	Parking	9
			A4	Road traffic versus pedestrianisation	20
B	Urban regeneration	66	B1	New uses for heritage	29
			B2	Urban renewal projects	25
			B3	Citizen participation and collaborative urban design	42
C	Tourism specialisation	129	C1	Loss of local shops by franchises	41
			C2	Cruise ships	12
			C3	Nightlife	51
			C4	Lack of long-term housing because of short-term rentals	97
D	Tourist accommodation	122	D1	P2P accommodation	95
D	Tourist accommodation	122	D2	Hotel industry	79
E	Overtourism	116	E1	Tourism intensification	100
E	Overtourism	116	E2	Local identity and culture of residents	79
F	COVID-19 pandemic	42	F1	Vulnerability and dependence on tourism	30
			F2	Tourist accommodation as a temporary health centre	6
			F3	Closures of tourist attractions: confinement and quarantine	21
			F4	COVID-free promotion and reactivation of the tourism sector	22

Neighbourhoods in press (N = 95)		Citizen initiatives No. of citizen initiatives		Categories No. of news items by category^ A news item can cover more than one category.
Ref.	Neighbourhood name	Active citizen initiatives	All^* * ‘All citizen initiatives’ refers to active and non-actives ones. citizen initiatives	A–F Touristification categories	A Public space	B Urban regen.	C Tourism spec.	D Tourist accom.	E Over- tourism	F COVID-19 pandemic
1.	Centro Histórico	18	36	102	60	54	90	69	83	6
2.	La Merced	2	4	46	31	31	40	26	35	1
3.	Ensanche Centro	12	21	33	15	17	27	24	24	3
4.	La Goleta	0	0	25	15	17	19	16	18	1
5.	San Felipe Neri	2	3	24	15	16	19	15	17	1
6.	La Malagueta	2	3	21	6	8	19	18	17	1
7.	Lagunillas	2	4	20	9	12	17	14	16	1
8.	La Victoria	2	3	17	8	9	14	13	13	1
9.	La Caleta	1	1	15	2	6	14	14	10	1
10.	La Trinidad	0	2	13	6	6	11	10	10	2
11.	Perchel Norte	0	1	13	5	6	12	11	10	1
12.	El Palo	0	1	12	3	5	11	8	9	2
13.	Finca La Palma	0	0	11	11	10	11	1	8	1
14.	Olletas	0	0	11	4	5	10	10	8	2
15.	El Ejido	3	3	11	4	5	9	9	8	2
16.	Cristo de la Epidemia	0	0	11	3	5	10	9	8	1
17.	Playas del Palo	0	0	11	3	5	10	8	9	1
18.	Pedregalejo Playa	0	0	11	3	5	10	7	8	1
19.	Perchel Sur	0	1	11	3	4	11	10	9	1
20.	El Consul	0	0	10	10	9	10	1	7	0
21.	El Consul-II	0	0	10	10	9	10	1	7	0
22.	El Romeral	0	0	10	10	9	10	1	7	0
23.	El Molinillo	0	0	10	4	5	9	8	8	2
24.	Las Acacias	0	0	10	2	5	10	7	7	1
25.	Capuchinos	1	1	9	3	4	9	8	7	2
26.	Pedregalejo	0	0	9	2	4	8	7	8	1
27.	Plaza de Toros Vieja	7	8	8	2	4	8	7	6	1
28.	Conde de Ureña	0	0	8	2	4	8	7	6	1
29.	Campos Elíseos	0	0	8	2	4	8	7	5	0
30.	El Morlaco	1	1	8	1	4	8	7	6	0
31.	Puerto	2	4	7	2	5	7	6	6	0
32.	Cerrado de Calderón	1	2	7	0	3	7	7	6	0
33.	El Candado	1	1	7	0	3	7	7	6	0
34.	Miraflores del Palo	0	0	7	0	3	7	7	6	0
35.	Pinares de San Antón	0	0	7	0	3	7	7	6	0
36.	Torre de San Telmo	0	0	7	0	3	7	7	6	0
37.	Huelin	0	0	6	1	5	6	5	6	1
38.	Jardín de la Abadía	1	1	5	1	4	5	4	5	1
39.	Pol. Alameda	5	10	4	1	1	4	4	4	1
40.	Monte de Gibralfaro	1	1	4	1	1	2	3	3	1
41.	Baños del Carmen	1	1	4	1	1	4	0	1	1
42.	Parque Ayala	1	1	4	0	3	4	4	4	0
43.	Monte Sancha	0	0	3	2	2	2	1	1	2
44.	El Rocío	0	0	2	2	2	2	0	1	1
45.	Recinto Ferial Cortijo Torres	0	0	2	2	2	1	1	2	0
46.	Cruz de Humilladero	0	1	2	2	1	1	1	2	0
47.	Tabacalera	2	4	2	2	1	1	0	2	1
48.	Mármoles	0	0	2	1	1	2	1	2	1
49.	El Bulto	0	0	2	1	0	2	1	2	0
50.	Dos Hermanas	0	1	2	0	1	2	0	1	0
51.	Pol. Ind. Ronda Exterior	0	0	2	0	1	2	0	1	0
52.	Hacienda Bizcochero	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
53.	Almudena	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
54.	Ave María	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
55.	Cañada de los Cardos	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
56.	Colonia Santa Inés	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
57.	Finca El Pato	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
58.	Hacienda Roldán	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
59.	Las Morillas	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
60.	Los Antonios	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
61.	Pacífico	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
62.	Quinta Alegre	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
63.	San Andrés	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
64.	San Miguel	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
65.	Santa Isabel	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
66.	Segalerva	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
67.	Cañada de los Ingleses	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
68.	Bellavista	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
69.	Echeverría del Palo	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
70.	El Chanquete	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
71.	El Limonar	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
72.	La Torrecilla	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
73.	Miramar	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
74.	Mirarmar del Palo	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
75.	Playa Virginia	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
76.	Carranque	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
77.	Los Guindos	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
78.	4 de Diciembre	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
79.	Núcleo Gral. Franco	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
80.	Martiricos	1	3	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
81.	Camino de Suárez	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
82.	Ciudad Jardín	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
83.	Gamarra	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
84.	Haza del Campillo	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
85.	La Bresca	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
86.	Las Chapas	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
87.	Victoria Eugenia	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
88.	Santa Paula	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0
89.	Dsmo. Dm. Ciudad Jardín	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
90.	Teatinos	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0
91.	Arraijanal	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0
92.	La Viña	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1
93.	Campanillas	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
94.	Las Flores	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0
95.	Campo de Golf	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: F.J. CHAMIZO-NIETO. E-mail: franciscochamizo@uma.es