FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SMARTPHONE ADDICTION IN NURSING STUDENTS

a descriptive, correlational and quantitative study, conducted in two public universities in the Northeast of Brazil, from April to June 2019. Four instruments were used for the purpose of data collection: sociodemographic characterization, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) scale.

Results

the majority of nursing students were female, 239 (80.2%), and had an average age of 22 years. One hundred and sixty-five (55.4%) declared themselves brown, 236 (79.2%) only studied and 11 (37.2%) had one to two minimum wages as family income. Regarding marital status, 277 (93.0%) were single and 168 (56.4%) lived with their parents. Two hundred and two (67.8%) did not practice physical activity and 269 (90.3%) had never smoked or smoked for less than one month. The overall prevalence of smartphone addiction in nursing students was 142 (47.7%). The factors associated with smartphone addiction in nursing students were: AUDIT (p=0.036), overall PSQI score (p <0.001), sleep quality (p=0.008), sleep latency (p=0.001), medication use (p=0.050) and daytime dysfunction (0.000).

Conclusion

there is a need to develop educational interventions for rational use of the smartphone inside and outside universities and to develop public policies for health promotion and prevention of related comorbidities.

DESCRIPTORS
Students; Nursing; Smartphone; Addictive behavior; Risk factors

	SPAI Rating^*				p-value
	Not addicted		Addicted
	N	%	N	%
Sex					0.797^‡
Female	126	52.7	113	47.3
Male	30	50.8	29	49.2
Age group					0.068^‡
Young people (≤19 years)	29	42.6	39	57.4
Adults (20/-40 years)	127	55.2	103	44.8
Race					0.982^‡
White	32	52.5	29	47.5
Black	35	53.8	30	46.2
Yellow	4	57.1	3	42.9
Brown	85	51.5	80	48.5
Employment situation					0.274^‡
Study only.	118	50.0	118	50.0
Studies and works formally.	16	59.3	11	40.7
Studies and works informally.	22	62.9	13	37.1
Income (SM)^†					0.719^‡
< 1 SM	12	63.2	7	36.8
1/-2 SM	61	55.0	50	45.0
2/-3 SM	27	49.1	28	50.9
3/-4 SM	15	45.5	18	54.5
≥ 4 SM	41	51.3	39	48.8
Marital status					0.423^§
Married	9	45.0	11	55.0
Single	147	53.1	130	46.9
Widower	-	-	1	100.0
Who they live with					0.563^§
Parents	95	56.5	73	43.5
Family	37	48.7	39	51.3
Friends	11	44.0	14	56.0
Companion	6	46.2	7	53.8
Alone	7	43.8	9	56.3

	SPAI Rating^*				P-value
	Not Addicted		Addicted
	N	%	N	%
Physical activity					0.072^‡
Yes	43	44.8	53	55.2
No	113	55.9	89	44.1
Smoking					0.924^§
Smokes one cigarette a day for at least a month.	1	33.3	2	66.7
Does not smoke every day.	13	52.0	12	48.0
Quit smoking at least a month ago.	1	100.0	0	0.0
Never smoked or have smoked for less than a month.	141	52.4	128	47.6
AUDIT^\|\|					0.036^§
Zone I	135	55.8	107	44.2
Zone II	20	40.0	30	60.0
Zona III	1	20.0	4	80.0
Zone IV	0	0.0	1	100.0

	SPAI Rating^*		P-value
	Not addicted	Addicted
	Average ± SD	Average ± SD
1. Subjective quality of sleep	1.35(1.24-1.46)	1.57(1.46-1.69)	0.008^**
2. Sleep latency	1.82(1.57-2.06)	2.46(2.19-2.73)	0.001^**
3. Sleep duration	1.67(1.54-1.80)	1.76(1.63-1.88)	0.287^**
4. Habitual sleep efficiency	61.73(56.06-67.399)	60.00(53.87-66.13)	0.650^**
5. Sleep disorders	1.30(1.22-1.39)	1.33(1.25-1.42)	0.761^**
6. Use of medicines	0.13(0.052-0.2171)	0.26(14-0.38)	0.050^**
7. Dysfunction during the day	2.44(2.19-2.69)	3.30(3.06-6.54)	0.000^**
PSQI Overall Score	9.71(9.15-10.28)	11.40(10.85-11.94)	0.000^**

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laynara Maria das Graças Alves Lobo laynara_cx@hotmail.com