The object of this study is the feature assumed by the nursing practice in Brazil in the mid 20th century. Goals: to analyze the nursing practices due to those changes; to discuss the implications of such practices for nursing. Methodology: the analysis and interpretation of the primary sources in the light of Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Social Practice. Results: the governmental programs of individual medical assistance became to control the workforce. The import of technologies changes the building, organization and operation of hospitals, the education and personnel training, the patient's treatment and the approach of public health problems. The nurses, rendering had as references rationalization, efficiency and productivity, continued organizing, managing, leading, training and supervising the auxiliary personnel. The national nursing association struggled for the progress of the institutionalization process of the profession.
History of nursing; Police health; Professional practice