Prevalence risk of sarcopenia in older Brazilian adults during the pandemic: A cross-sectional analysis of the Remobilize Study

Batista, Patricia Parreira; Perracini, Monica Rodrigues; Amorim, Juleimar Soares Coelho de; Lima, Maria do Carmo Correia de; Lima, Camila Astolphi; Pereira, Daniele Sirineu; Dantas, Renata Gonçalves; Fittipaldi, Etiene Oliveira da Silva; Santos, Aurélio Dias; Campos, Hércules Lázaro Morais; Pereira, Leani Souza Máximo

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0159.R1.19082022

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Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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Original Article • Sao Paulo Med. J. 141 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0159.R1.19082022 copy

Prevalence risk of sarcopenia in older Brazilian adults during the pandemic: A cross-sectional analysis of the Remobilize Study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study.

METHODS:

Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25–19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]: 19.05; CI 13.00–28.32), comorbidity (OR: 5.11; CI 3.44–7.81), pain (OR: 4.56; CI 3.33–6.28), total walking (OR: 0.99; CI 0.99–1.00), SB of 8–10 hours (OR: 1.85; CI 1.15–2.93), and SB of > 10 hours (OR: 3.93; CI 2.48–6.22). RS was associated with mobility during the pandemic (OR: 0.97; CI 0.96–0.98). P < 0.05.

CONCLUSIONS:

During the pandemic, the prevalence of RS in older Brazilians was estimated at 17.1%. Moderate to severe functional limitation, comorbidities, presence of pain, walking, longer SB period, and reduced life space mobility significantly contributed to RS in older adults during the pandemic.

KEY WORDS (MeSH terms):
Sarcopenia; Mobility limitation; Aged; Physical distancing; Pandemics

AUTHORS’ KEY WORDS:
SARC-F; Risk of sarcopenia; Screening; Older adults

		SARC-F		P value
		< 4 points (n = 1,228)	≥ 4 points (n = 254)	P value
Age, %	60–69 years	61.3%	31.5%	< 0.0001
	70–79 years	28.8%	26.0%	< 0.0001
	80 years and older	9.9%	42.5%
Sex, %	Male	27.9%	16.9%	0.001
Sex, %	Female	72.1%	83.1%	0.001
Marital status, %	Single	10.3%	10.2%	< 0.0001
	Married	56.7%	39.0%
	Divorced	12.7%	11.0%
	Widowed	20.3%	39.8%
Education, %	Illiterate	6.4%	14.9%	< 0.0001
	1–4 years	16.5%	31.5%
	5–8 years	11.9%	13.8%
	9 years or more	65.2%	39.8%
Income^a, %	Up to 1× minimum wage	32.6%	44.1%	< 0.0001
	2–3× minimum wage	27.9%	27.9%
	4–7× minimum wage	19.4%	11%
	8–10× minimum wage	7.6%	7.9%
	More than 10× minimum wage	12.5%	9.1%
Occupation, %	Active	39.2%	24.8%	< 0.0001
	Inactive	55.3%	61.8%
	Unemployed	5.5%	13.4%
Sitting time, %	< 4 hours	48.6%	28.8%	< 0.0001
	5–7 hour	31.0%	31.1%
	8–10 hour	12.6%	16.9%
	> 10 hours	7.8%	23.2%
BOMFAQ (4 pts +), %		10.3%	73.6%	< 0.0001
Comorbidities (≥ 2), %		50.40%	87.40%	< 0.0001
Pain (yes), %		21.6%	55.5%	< 0.0001
Walking (exercise) Med (IQR)		0 (0–25.31)	0 (0–0)	< 0.0001
Walking (utilitarian) Med (IQR)		7.5 (0–33.75)	0 (0; 0)	< 0.0001
Walking (total) Med (IQR)		7.5 (0; 101.20)	0 (0; 7.5)	< 0.0001
LSA - During pandemic Med (IQR)	Total score	36 (24; 52)	24 (12; 32)	< 0.0001
	Level 1	8 (8; 8)	8 (6; 8)	< 0.0001
	Level 2	16 (12; 16)	12 (4; 16)	< 0.0001
	Level 3	6 (0; 12)	0 (0; 6)	< 0.0001
	Level 4	8 (0; 16)	0 (0; 4)	< 0.0001
	Level 5	0 (0; 0)	0 (0; 0)	0.0002

		Crude model			Adjusted model
		OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
BOMFAQ (4 pts +)(ref.: 0–3 pts)		24.20	17.42; 33.40	< 0.001	19.05	13.00; 28.32	< 0.001
Comorbidities (≤ 2)(ref.: 0–1)		6.82	4.70; 10.22	< 0.001	5.11	3.44; 7.81	< 0.001
Pain(ref.: absence of)		4.54	3.42; 6.03	< 0.001	4.56	3.33; 6.28	< 0.001
Walking (exercise)		0.99	0.986; 0.994	< 0.001	0.99	0.989; 0.997	0.001
Walking (utilitarian)		0.99	0.994; 0.999	0.041	0.99	0.997; 1.001	0.346
Walking (total)		0.99	0.993; 0.997	< 0.001	0.99	0.995; 0.999	0.008
Sedentary behavior(sitting time; ref. < 4 hours)	5–7 hour	1.69	1.20; 2.39	0.003	1.41	0.97; 2.04	0.072
	8–10 hour	2.26	1.48; 3.42	< 0.001	1.85	1.15; 2.93	0.01
	> 10 hours	5.02	3.34; 7.53	< 0.001	3.93	2.48; 6.22	< 0.001
LSA - During pandemic	Total score	0.95	0.94; 0.96	< 0.001	0.97	0.96; 0.98	< 0.001
	Level 1	0.79	0.74; 0.84	< 0.001	0.83	0.77; 0.89	< 0.001
	Level 2	0.90	0.88; 0.92	< 0.001	0.92	0.90; 0.95	< 0.001
	Level 3	0.92	0.91; 0.94	< 0.001	0.95	0.93; 0.97	< 0.001
	Level 4	0.93	0.91; 0.95	< 0.001	0.97	0.95; 0.98	< 0.001
	Level 5	0.92	0.88; 0.96	< 0.001	0.96	0.91; 0.99	0.047

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[1] Address for correspondence: Patricia Parreira Batista Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6.627 Pampulha — Belo horizonte (MG) — Brasil CEP 31270-901 Tel. (+55 31) 34097395 E-mail: ppb@ufmg.br