Integration between genetic and chemical control on the progress of Asian soybean rust and yield

Sacon, Deivid; Netto, Aline; Fochesatto, Michele; Stefanski, Francine Spitza; Gallina, Alessandra; Milanesi, Paola Mendes; Borges, Leandro Luiz

doi:10.1590/0100-5405/220951

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ARTICLES • Summa Phytopathol. 46 (3) • Sep-Dec 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/220951 copy

Integration between genetic and chemical control on the progress of Asian soybean rust and yield

Integração entre controle genético e químico no progresso da ferrugem asiática e na produtividade da soja

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic control integrated to the chemical control of Asian soybean rust (ASR) and the effects of these measures on crop yield. The experiment was conducted in Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2016/17 and 2017/18 crop years, under a randomized block design, in a subdivided plot scheme (cultivars in the plots and fungicides in the subplots), with four replicates. The following cultivars were used: BMX Vanguarda (without ASR tolerance); TMG 7062; TMG 7262, and TMG 7161, tolerant to ASR (Inox™ Technology cultivars). The fungicides used were: T1) control (without application of fungicides); T2) azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr; T3) difenoconazole + cyproconazole; T4) trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, and T5) epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin. Four fungicide applications were carried out at the V6, R1, R5.1 and R6 stages. During the experiment, for the calculation of the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease severity was assessed at 7-day intervals in a random sample of 10 trifolia per plot. After harvest, yield components were determined: number of grains per plant, thousand grain weight (g), and yield (kg ha^-1). In 2017/18 crop year, the fungicide difenoconazole + cyproconazole was not efficient for ASR control. The soybean cultivars TMG 7062, TMG 7161 and TMG 7261 delayed the disease progression; however, only TMG 7161 presented tolerance in the presence of the inoculum in 2016/17 and 2017/18 crop years. The association between chemical and genetic control is shown to be efficient for ASR control.

Keywords
Glycine max L. Merrill; Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow; integrated measures; chemical control; genetic resistance

Treat.^* * Treatment.	AUDPC
	2016/17				2017/18
	BMX	TMG	TMG	TMG	BMX	TMG	TMG	TMG
	V.	7062	7161	7262	V.	7062	7161	7262
Control	231.3 aAB^ Mean values followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase letter on the line do not differ statistically according to Tukey’s test at 5% probability level.	180.2 aB	293.4 aA	150.5 aB	415.2 aA	235.3 aC	229.2 aC	282.6 aB
AB¹ 1 azoxistrobin + benzovindiflupyr (AB);	102.0 bA	30.9 cA	26.7 bA	27.7 bA	176.7 bA	62.1 cB	68.2 cB	54.0 cB
DC² 2 difenoconazole + cyproconazole (DC);	100.1 bA	112.0 abA	73.5 bA	53.6 bA	196.0 bA	145.2 bB	143.5 bB	102.3 bB
TP³ 3 trifloxistrobin + prothioconazole (TP);	75.7 bA	46.9 bcA	57.1 bA	58.1 bA	93.6 cA	56.0 cAB	58.6 cAB	43.4 cB
EFP⁴ 4 epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (EFP).	74.3 bA	27.4 cA	25.9 bA	20.4 bA	122.5 cA	69.1 cB	76.1 cB	51.6 cB
CV₁= 56.9%					CV₁ = 20.0%
CV₂= 48.9%					CV₂ = 16.3%
Control (%)
Control	0.0 bB	21.9 cAB	0.0 bB	34.8 bA	0.0 cC	43.2 cA	44.7 cA	31.8 cB
AB¹	55.8 aB	86.6 aAB	88.4 aA	88.0 aA	57.4 bB	85.0 aA	83.5 aA	86.9 aA
DC²	56.6 aA	46.9 bcA	68.1 aA	76.7 aA	52.7 bB	65.0 bA	65.4 bA	75.3 bA
TP³	67.1 aA	79.6 abA	75.2 aA	74.8 aA	77.4 aB	86.5 aAB	85.8 aAB	89.5 aA
EFP⁴	67.8 aA	88.7 aA	88.1 aA	87.8 aA	70.4 aB	83.3 aB	81.6 aB	87.5 aB
CV₁ = 29.0%					CV₁ = 10.0%
CV₂ = 27.7%					CV₂ = 7.70%

Treatment	CTRL.¹ 1 Control (CTRL);	AB² 2 azoxistrobin + benzovindiflupyr (AB);	DC³ 3 difenoconazole + cyproconazole (DC);	TP⁴ 4 trifloxistrobin + prothioconazole (TP);	EFP⁵ 5 epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (EFP).	Means
Treatment	NGP					Means
BMX V.	161.2 a^* * Mean values followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ statistically according to Tukey’s test at 5% probability level.	164.0 ab	152.0^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	220.1^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	168.6^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	173.3 a
TMG 7062	128.2 b	134.3 b	120.0	161.2	138.8	136.6 b
TMG 7161	172.5 a	201.3 a	151.5	184.1	148.0	171.5 a
TMG 7262	106.5 b	133.5 b	164.9	132.8	105.1	128.5 b
CV (%)	9.16	13.8	19.9	26.7	22.6	17.9
p-value	0.79	0.52	0.84	0.30	0.48	-
TGW (g)
BMX V.	222.1^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	181.8 b	199.3 a	214.1^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	196.2 ^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	202.3 c
TMG 7062	252.8	221.3 ab	286.1 a	257.9	227.4	269.1 a
TMG 7161	226.3	194.7 ab	201.5 a	240.9	195.5	211.8 bc
TMG 7262	209.1	235.8 a	293.5 a	251.2	224.8	242.9 ab
CV (%)	11.7	11.3	20.8	18.7	12.5	18.3
p-value	0.20	0.60	0.95	0.14	0.07	-
Yield (kg ha^-1)
BMX V.	4228.7^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	5068.2^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	4355.7^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	5128.1^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	4427.2 ab	4641.5^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.
TMG 7062	4778.1	4813.7	4993.0	5087.1	5105.1 a	4955.4
TMG 7161	5191.4	4606.8	4655.2	5219.5	3575.7 b	4649.7
TMG 7262	4576.2	5242.6	4970.6	5009.0	4651.5 ab	4889.9
CV (%)	14.3	8.9	8.3	4.0	11.5	12.1
p-value	0.06	0.40	0.50	0.10	0.48	-

Treatment	CTRL.¹ 1 Control (CTRL);	AB² 2 azoxistrobin + benzovindiflupyr (AB);	DC³ 3 difenoconazole + cyproconazole (DC);	TP⁴ 4 trifloxistrobin + prothioconazole (TP);	EFP⁵ 5 epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (EFP).	Means
Treatment	NGP					Means
BMX V.	121.7^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	165.9^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	140.9^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	169.6^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	170.2 a^* * Mean values followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ statistically according to Tukey’s test at 5% probability level.	153.9 a
TMG 7062	104.4	116.4	106.1	100.4	109.8 b	107.4 b
TMG 7161	142.4	140.7	156.6	135.9	136.4 ab	142.5 ab
TMG 7262	126.6	127.0	150.8	162.4	126.7 ab	138.7 ab
CV (%)	14.0	27.5	30.5	29.1	17.4	32.9
p-value	0.28	0.10	0.59	0.99	0.11	-
TGW (g)
BMX V.	126.8 b	137.2 b	140.0 b	141.0 b	137.0 b	136.5 b
TMG 7062	146.9 a	170.8 a	163.4 a	175.4 a	178.8 a	167.0 a
TMG 7161	127.4 b	134.8 b	140.2 b	139.2 b	142.9 b	135.0 b
TMG 7262	126.5 b	142.4 b	139.7 b	134.8 b	138.5 b	137.4 b
CV (%)	3.4	3.2	7.1	8.1	6.9	7.6
p-value	0.12	0.97	0.49	0.47	0.82	-
Yield (kg ha^-1)
BMX V.	2829.8 a	3456.8 a	3034.1^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	3543.0^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	3656.9^ns ns not significant at 5% level; CV (%), coefficient of variation.	3304.1 a
TMG 7062	2655.9 ab	3216.0 ab	2977.2	3026.4	3380.9	3051.5 ab
TMG 7161	2876.1 a	3148.3 ab	3441.4	3306.5	3485.4	3251.5 a
TMG 7262	2449.9 b	2924.5 b	2919.6	2823.5	3034.4	2830.4 b
CV (%)	4.58	5.83	13.2	12.3	8.5	10.9
p-value	0.55	0.21	0.51	0.52	0.83	-

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[1] Autor para correspondência: Deivid Sacon (deividsacon@hotmail.com)