Correction of Precipitation Data in Weather Files for the Subtropical Climate in Southern Brazil

Buligon, Liliane Bonadiman; Gabriel, Elaise; Lima, Selton Fernandes de Sousa; Grigoletti, Giane de Campos; Piccilli, Daniel Gustavo Allasia

doi:10.14393/SN-v35-2023-67645

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Papers • Soc. nat. 35 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.14393/SN-v35-2023-67645 copy

Correction of Precipitation Data in Weather Files for the Subtropical Climate in Southern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The thermal performance of buildings can be evaluated prior to its construction by modeling it using a specialized software. Climate boundary conditions must be represented by a weather file that is composed of a weather dataset organized hourly according to a defined year structure such as Test Reference Year (TRY) or Typical Meteorological Year (TMY). Before this study, there were a few weather files available for cities in southern Brazil, notably, Santa Maria, RS, classified as a humid subtropical climate. The most recent available weather file was built in 2014 and presents inconsistencies with respect to precipitation data. Therefore, the objetive of this study was to process and analyze the climate data of Santa Maria over an eighteen-year period (2002-2020), to generate a more reliable weather file. The applied method considered the following procedures: data collection and processing; TRY (TRY17) and TMY2 (TMY0220) definition; solar radiation data calculation; EPW files generation; and comparison between the new EPW files and the previous existing files. As a result, in a short period of time (2014-2020), significant differences among the weather files were observed. The importance of updating weather files in time intervals shorter than 30 years was emphasized. In relation to the comparative analysis, both weather files (TRY17 and TMY0220) presented dry bulb temperatures in consonance with the other files previously available. Although, the correction of precipitation data could originate building simulations closer to the reality.

Keywords:
Weather files; Building energy simulations; Test Reference Year; Typical Meteorological Year

Climatic parameter	Unit	Minimum limit	Maximum limit
Dry bulb temperature	°C	-15	45
Relative humidity	%	0	100
Atmospheric pressure	hPa	760	1,050
Wind speed	m/s	0	35
Wind direction	°	1	360
Precipitation	Mm/h	0	60
Horizontal global radiation	W/m²	0	1,355

Climatic parameter	Unit	Maximum difference
Dry bulb temperature	°C	7
Relative humidity	%	30
Atmospheric pressure	hPa	5
Wind speed	m/s	35
Wind direction	°	360
Precipitation	mm/h	60
Horizontal global radiation	W/m²	600

Climatic parameter	Unit	Minimal deviation	Standard deviation
Dry bulb temperature	°C	0.2	0.1
Relative humidity	%	0.1	0.1
Atmospheric pressure	hPa	5.0	0.1
Wind speed	m/s	0.1	0.1
Wind direction	°	0.1	0.1
Precipitation	mm/h	0.0	0.0
Horizontal global radiation	W/m²	50.0	0.1

Wall Construction lightweight
Element	k	Thickness	U	R	Density	Cp
	( $\frac{W}{m K}$ )	(m)	( $\frac{W}{m^{2} K}$ )	( $\frac{m^{2} K}{W}$ )	( $\frac{k g}{m^{3}}$ )	( $\frac{J}{k g K}$ )
Int. Surface Coeff.			8.290	0.121
Plasterboard	0.160	0.012	13.333	0.075	950	840
Fiberglass Quilt	0.040	0.066	0.606	1.650	12	840
Wood siding	0.140	0.009	15.556	0.064	530	900
Ext. Surface Coeff.			29.300	0.034
Overall, air-to-air			0.514	1.944
Roof Construction lightweight
Int. Surface Coeff.			8.290	0.121
Plasterboard	0.160	0.010	16.000	0.063	950	840
Fiberglass Quilt	0.040	0.1118	0.358	2.794	12	840
Wood siding	0.140	0.019	7.368	0.136	530	900
Ext. Surface Coeff.			29.300	0.034
Overall, air-to-air			0.318	3.147
Floor Construction lightweight
Int. Surface Coeff.			8.290	0.121
Timber Flooring	0.140	0.025	5.600	0.179	650	1200
Insulation	0.040	1.003	0.040	25.075
Overall, air-to-air			0.039	25.374
Window Properties
Number of panes			2
Pane thickness			3.175 mm
Air-gap thickness			13 mm
Thermal Conductivity of Glass			1.06 W/mK
Light transmission			0.812
U-value			3.00 W/m²K
Density of glass			750 J/kgK

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2002	24.7	23.1	25.1	19.7	18.1		13.5			20.5	21.9	23.6
2003	24.9	24.9	22.2	18.6	16.6		13.6	13.4	15.9	19.9	21.3
2004	24.4	22.9	22.2	21.0	14.2	15.4	13.1	15.0	18.0	18.1	20.7	23.2
2005		23.6	23.2	18.6		17.7		16.5	14.3		21.7	22.8
2006	25.0	23.7	22.8			15.0	16.4	14.6	15.2	20.2	20.7
2007	24.1	24.1	23.6	20.6		13.8	10.9	13.1	18.7	20.2		23.4
2008	23.7	23.3	22.4	18.0	15.6	11.8	15.9	14.4	15.0	18.7	22.2	23.5
2009	23.1	23.8	22.2	19.1	16.5	11.8	10.5	16.3	15.7	18.6	22.7	23.5
2010	24.2	25.5	23.3	19.0	15.6	14.1	13.3	13.8	16.4	17.7	20.4	23.3
2011	25.4	24.0	22.1	19.2	15.2				16.5	19.0	22.1	23.0
2012	25.3	25.9	22.6	18.5	17.5	13.9		19.3	17.5	20.4	23.3	24.7
2013	23.4	23.5	20.6	19.2	15.4	13.5	13.5	13.2	17.4	19.4	22.5	25.2
2014	26.0	25.1	21.8	19.9	15.6	13.9	15.1	15.9				23.2
2015	24.2	23.7	22.5	19.3	16.8	15.1	14.8	20.0	16.5	18.2	20.3	22.9
2016	24.9	24.8	20.9	21.2	13.7	10.4	13.4	15.2	14.9	18.4	20.1	23.3
2017	23.9	24.0	21.8	18.6	16.8	15.5	15.6	16.0	19.1	19.5	20.9	24.6
2018									18.5	19.5	22.8	23.7
2019	25.5	23.7	21.7	20.7	17.9	18.3	12.9	14.8	16.2	20.2	22.3	24.5
2020	24.6	23.8	24.3	19.2	15.6	15.9	13.0	15.6

Month	Year	Average temp. (°C)
Warmest February	2010	25.5
Coldest June	2016	10.4
Warmest January	2019	25.5
Coldest July	2009	10.5
Warmest December	2013	25.2
Coldest August	2018	12.9
Warmest March	2010	23.3
Coldest May	2016	13.7
Warmest November	2018	22.8
Coldest September	2016	14.9
Warmest April	2018	22.4
Coldest October	2010	17.7
Coldest February	2004	22.9
Warmest June	2019	18.3
Coldest January	2009	23.1
Warmest July	2008	15.9
Coldest December	2015	22.9
Warmest August	2015	20.0
Coldest March	2013	20.6
Warmest May	2019	17.9
Coldest November	2016	20.1
Warmest September	2017	19.1
Coldest April	2008	18.0
Warmest October	2019	20.2

Month	Average dry bulb temp. (ºC)	Average rel. humidity (%)	Average global solar radiation (Wh.m-2)	Total precipitation (mm)
January	23.9	84.5	458.4	229.2
February	24.0	86.0	411.1	234.6
March	21.8	82.8	366.1	232.4
April	18.6	79.5	270.0	123.6
May	16.8	91.3	182.6	322.8
June	15.5	78.3	143.7	139.8
July	15.6	70.6	158.3	19.0
August	16.0	78.0	204.8	262.0
September	19.1	78.6	313.9	143.9
October	19.5	55.7	385.2	249.8
November	20.9	50.0	465.7	73.6
December	24.6	50.0	486.4	86.6

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Year	2020	2009	2009	2020	2010	2010	2013	2004	2010	2013	2005	2007

Temperature (ºC)								Relative Humidity (%)
	TMY0418	TRY17	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TMY0220		TMY0418	TRY17	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TMY0220
Mean	18.40	19.66	19.79	19.34	18.40	19.04	19.06	Mean	81.87	73.86	79.06	79.47	82.60	75.73	73.86
Std. Dev.	7.05	5.78	6.39	6.30	7.08	6.19	6.22	Std. Dev.	16.72	20.44	17.54	16.62	16.43	17.43	20.44
Skewness	-0.31	-0.16	-0.09	-0.21	-0.31	0.01	-0.07	Skewness	-0.52	-0.30	-0.78	-0.67	-0.60	-0.87	-0.30
Minimum	-5.20	-1.60	1.00	-0.30	-5.30	1.10	0.10	Minimum	31.00	10.00	23.00	30.00	34.00	18.00	10.00
Maximum	38.00	38.30	38.00	36.40	36.60	38.30	37.60	Maximum	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	97.00	100.00
Coef. Var.	38%	29%	32%	33%	38%	33%	33%	Coef. Var.	20%	28%	22%	21%	20%	23%	28%
Solar radiation (W/m²)								Wind speed (m/s)
	TMY0418	TRY17	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TMY0220		TMY0418	TRY17	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TMY0220
Mean	316.38	508.91	308.50	306.16	319.16	289.84	303.32	Mean	1.86	2.10	3.14	3.38	2.01	2.12	2.05
Std. Dev.	292.50	442.59	279.74	280.47	291.55	291.85	266.98	Std. Dev.	1.17	1.31	1.97	2.19	1.71	1.27	1.30
Skewness	0.71	0.58	0.77	0.77	0.69	0.82	0.78	Skewness	1.27	1.65	1.15	1.43	5.86	1.12	0.93
Minimum	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	Minimum	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Maximum	999.00	1399.00	999.00	999.00	998.00	999.00	1283.00	Maximum	11.80	12.70	16.40	18.10	36.70	9.80	9.30
Coef. Var.	92%	87%	91%	92%	91%	101%	88%	Coef. Var.	63%	62%	63%	65%	85%	60%	63%
Wind direction (º)								Rainfall intensity (mm)
	TMY0418	TRY17	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TMY0220		TMY0418	TRY17	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TMY0220
Mean	169.33	145.59	152.64	161.74	168.10	150.99	149.80	Mean	0.00	0.24	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.10	0.20
Std. Dev.	97.11	87.68	89.90	95.71	97.62	85.74	83.78	Std. Dev.	0.00	1.53	0.00	0.34	0.09	1.18	1.27
Skewness	0.13	0.86	0.63	0.32	0.14	0.75	0.82	Skewness	-	14.32	-	14.09	64.55	21.89	11.63
Minimum	0.00	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.00	Minimum	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Maximum	360.00	360.00	360.00	360.00	360.00	360.00	360.00	Maximum	0.00	45.80	0.00	7.00	7.00	49.00	32.40
Coef. Var.	57%	60%	59%	59%	58%	57%	56%	Coef. Var.	-	631%	-	1351%	5894%	1158%	636%

Comparative Analysis of TRY17/TMY0220 bioclimatic chart (percentage of yearly hours - %)
	Category	Indicated strategies
Comfort 19.5TRY/ 19.0TMY
Discomfort 80.4TRY /81.0TMY	Heat 30.8TRY/31.4TMY	Natural ventilation 8.6TRY/9.2TMY
		Evaporative cooling 3.9TRY/4.8TMY
		Mass cooling 6.4TRY/7.4TMY
		Mass cooling and night ventilation 7.5TRY/9.2TMY
		Air-conditioning and dehumidification 8.1TRY/5.5TMY
	Cold 49.6TRY/49.6TMY	Internal gain 38.9TRY/36.4TMY
		Passive solar gain 4.6TRY/6.2TMY
		Heating and humidification 10.7TRY/15.7TMY

	TMY0220	TMY0418	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TRY17
Cooling	555.6	812.1	749.6	703.7	833.3	518.2	590.6
Heating	1,166.5	1,457.3	963.6	1,052.4	1,468.2	1,065.7	1,155.3
Total	1,722.1	2,269.4	1,713.2	1,756.1	2,301.4	1,583.9	1,745.9

Month	TMY0220	TMY0418	TMY0517	TMY7317	TMY7818	TRY03	TRY17
Jan	26.4	26.6	27.0	26.8	26.8	26.5	26.2
Feb	25.6	25.9	26.3	25.9	25.9	25.8	25.0
Mar	23.9	23.7	23.8	23.7	23.7	24.1	23.4
Apr	21.4	22.0	22.0	21.8	21.8	21.5	21.5
May	19.2	19.5	20.5	19.5	19.5	19.8	19.3
Jun	18.3	18.7	19.4	19.3	19.3	18.8	18.6
Jul	18.7	18.4	18.8	19.3	19.3	18.2	18.1
Aug	19.6	20.1	20.5	20.1	20.1	18.9	19.5
Sep	20.5	21.3	21.2	20.5	20.5	20.0	20.4
Oct	22.3	22.2	23.6	22.2	22.2	22.5	22.4
Nov	24.2	24.5	24.4	24.4	24.4	23.8	23.7
Dec	25.7	26.2	26.4	25.7	25.7	24.3	25.6

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[TFN1] Source: Adapted from Pittigliani (2000PITTIGLIANI, M. Controle de qualidade de dados hidrometeorológicos do Simepar. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia, 11. Rio de Janeiro. 2000. Anais eletrônicos... Rio de Janeiro: SBMET, 2000. Available at: http://www.cbmet.com. Accessed on: Sept. 01, 2022.
http://www.cbmet.com... ).