Determination of Tensile Shear Strength and Corrosion Behavior of Circular Bead Produced by a Laser Beam for Overlapped AISI 304 Steel Sheets

Vieira, Deisi; May, Jose Eduardo; Savonov, Graziela da Silva; Siqueira, Rafael Humberto Mota de; Lima, Milton Sérgio Fernandes de

doi:10.1590/0104-9224/SI26.14

Deisi Vieira

Instituto de Estudos Avançados – IEAv, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil.

Jose Eduardo May

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.

Graziela da Silva Savonov

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.

Rafael Humberto Mota de Siqueira

Instituto de Estudos Avançados – IEAv, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil.

Milton Sérgio Fernandes de Lima ^**corresponding author e-mail: msflima@gmail.com

Instituto de Estudos Avançados – IEAv, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5540-8802

*corresponding author e-mail: msflima@gmail.com

Figures (16)
Tables (7)

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Figure 1
- a) As-welded samples with parameters defined in ; b) Macroscopy of a circular bead produced by a laser beam.

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Figure 2
Photocomposition of the cross-section macrographies for the conditions I to V.

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Figure 3
Depth of the fusion zone and the bead width at the interface between the sheets as a function of the heat input (HI).

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Figure 4
a) Region of the weld root (Cond. I); b) Central region of the weld (Cond. I).

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Figure 5
SEM region with formation of delta ferrite and carbides (Condition I): a) legend a = HAZ, b=interface, c=FZ; b) zoom near to the precipitation zone.

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Figure 6
Stress x Strain curves for the five welding conditions.

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Figure 7
Polarization curves in NaCl 3.5% for the base metal AISI 304 stainless steel and similar joint AISI 304/304 laser welded in different conditions of laser power and welding speed.

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Figure 8
Pitting potentials, extracted from the polarization curves.

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Figure 9
Corrosion potentials, extracted from the polarization curves.

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Figure 10
Corrosion rate extracted from the polarization curves using Tafel method in NOVA 2.1 software from AUTOLAB.

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Figure 11
SEM images from AISI 304 showing pits in the base metal: a) fusion zone; b) detail in the fusion zone.

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Figure 12
SEM images for condition I: a) fusion zone; b) detail in the fusion zone.

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Figure 13
SEM images for condition II: a) fusion zone; b) detail in the fusion zone.

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Figure 14
SEM images for condition III: a) welding zone and b) base metal.

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Figure 15
SEM images for condition IV: a) welding zone and b) base metal.

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Figure 16
SEM images for condition V: a) welding zone and b) base metal.

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Figure 2
Photocomposition of the cross-section macrographies for the conditions I to V.

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Figure 3
Depth of the fusion zone and the bead width at the interface between the sheets as a function of the heat input (HI).

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Figure 4
a) Region of the weld root (Cond. I); b) Central region of the weld (Cond. I).

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Figure 5
SEM region with formation of delta ferrite and carbides (Condition I): a) legend a = HAZ, b=interface, c=FZ; b) zoom near to the precipitation zone.

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Figure 6
Stress x Strain curves for the five welding conditions.

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Figure 7
Polarization curves in NaCl 3.5% for the base metal AISI 304 stainless steel and similar joint AISI 304/304 laser welded in different conditions of laser power and welding speed.

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Figure 8
Pitting potentials, extracted from the polarization curves.

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Figure 9
Corrosion potentials, extracted from the polarization curves.

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Figure 10
Corrosion rate extracted from the polarization curves using Tafel method in NOVA 2.1 software from AUTOLAB.

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Figure 11
SEM images from AISI 304 showing pits in the base metal: a) fusion zone; b) detail in the fusion zone.

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Figure 12
SEM images for condition I: a) fusion zone; b) detail in the fusion zone.

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Figure 13
SEM images for condition II: a) fusion zone; b) detail in the fusion zone.

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Figure 14
SEM images for condition III: a) welding zone and b) base metal.

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Figure 15
SEM images for condition IV: a) welding zone and b) base metal.

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Figure 16
SEM images for condition V: a) welding zone and b) base metal.

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Table 1
Corrosion rates reported for AISI 304/304L stainless steel (SS).

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Table 2
Chemical Composition of Stainless-Steel sheets 304. Fe is the balance.

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Table 3
Welding Parameters: Power (P), Laser Speed (S) and Heat Input (HI).

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Table 4
Results of the hardness test (Vickers) of the BM, HAZ and FZ.

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Table 5
Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values and bead width for each welding condition.

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Table 6
Data extracted from the electrochemical measurements in laser-welded joints.

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Table 7
SEM observed pitting evaluation.

Author	SS Type	Solution	Corrosion Rate (µm/year)
King and Watson [2010] [⁶6 King F, Watson S. Review of the Corrosion Performance of Selected Metals as Canister Materials for UK Spent Fuel and/or HLW. In: 4th international workshop on long-term prediction of corrosion damage in nuclear waste systems. (p. 16). Oxfordshire: Quintessa Limited; 2010. Corrosion of Stainless Steels - Appendix F. ]	304L	Seawater	11.4
Malik et al. [1994] [⁷7 Malik AU, Siddiqi NA, Andijani IN. Corrosion behavior of some highly alloyed stainless steels in seawater. Desalination. 1994;97(1-3):189-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)00086-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)0... ]	304L	Seawater	1.2
Haiser and Soo [1995] [⁸8 Haiser JH, Soo P. Corrosion of barrier materials in seawater environments. New York: Brookhaven National Laboratory; 1973.]	304	Seawater	18
UI-Hamid et al. [2017] [⁹9 Ul-Hamid A, Saricimen H, Quddus A, Mohammed AI, Al-Hems LM. Corrosion study of SS304 and SS316 alloys in atmospheric, underground and seawater splash zone in the Arabian Gulf. Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology. 2017;52(2):134-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2016.1213974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2016.... ]	304	Seawater	1.1

Composition	C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cr	Ni	Mo	Ti	Cu	Co
Weight %	0.044	1.170	0.360	0.0324	0.0011	17.78	8.00	0.106	0.0021	0.1790	0.209

Condition	P (W)	S (m/min)	HI (J/mm)
I	800	2.4	20.0
II	900	2.4	22.5
III	700	2.4	17.5
IV	800	1.8	26.7
V	800	3.0	16.0

		CONDITION
		I	II	III	IV	V
Average (HV)	BM	222±8	216±6	220±10	207±10	221±5
Average (HV)	HAZ	208±14	222±10	216±9	217±8	216±11
Average (HV)	FZ	207±11	225±10	207±15	215±5	203±5

CONDITION	HI (J/mm)	UTS (MPa)
I	20.0	159
II	22.5	153
III	17.5	133
IV	26.7	156
V	16.0	132

Author	Ecorr (mV)	Epit (mV)	Corr. Rate (µm/year)	Obs.
Zhang et al. [2013] [¹⁵15 Zhang L, Zhang YK, Lu JZ, Dai FZ, Feng AX, Luo KY. Effects of laser shock processing on electrochemical corrosion resistance of ANSI 304 stainless steel weldments after cavitation erosion. Corrosion Science. 66:5-13, 2013.]	-522	500	0.4	WZ
	-648	250	0.2	HAZ
Yazdian et al. [2018] [¹⁶16 Yazdian N, Mohammadpour M, Razavi R, Kovacevic R. Hybrid laser/arc welding of 304L stainless steel tubes, part 2 – Effect of filler wires on microstructure and corrosion behavior. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 2018;163:45-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2018.04.005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2018.0... ]	-250	270	0.001	BM
Kang et al. [2017] [¹⁷17 Kang K, Kawahito Y, Gao M, Zeng X. Effects of laser-arc distance on corrosion behavior of single-pass hybrid welded stainless clad steel plate. Materials & Design. 2017;123:80-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.... ]	-250	270	0.002	BM
Tash [2015] [¹⁸18 Tash MM. Laser welding of similar stainless steels (304/304) and dissimilar stainless steel (304)/carbon steel (A36) alloys. International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science. 2015;3(3):23-43.]	-	-	2466	BM
	-	-	249	WZ
J Karlsson [2017] [¹⁹19 Karlsson J. Pitting corrosion on stainless steel with and without passivation [master thesis]. Sweden: Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University; 2017.]	-52	239	14.4	BM
P Dhaiveegan et al. [2016] [²⁰20 Dhaiveegan P, Elangovan N, Nishimura T, Rajendran N. Corrosion behavior of 316L and 304 stainless steels exposed to industrial-marine-urban environment: field study. RSC Advances. 2016;6:47314.]	-150	300	-	BM

Condition	Fusion Zone	Base Metal
BM	-	Pittings preferentially in the grain boundaries but also in the volume
I	Deeper pittings preferentially in the HAZ	No pittings in the base metal
II	Deeper pittings in the FZ	No pittings in the base metal
III	Shallow pittings in the FZ	Shallow in the base metal, preferentially in the grain boundaries
IV	Shallow pittings in the FZ	Shallow in the base metal, preferentially in the grain boundaries
V	Shallow pittings in the FZ	No pittings in the base metal

[1] *corresponding author e-mail: msflima@gmail.com

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Determination of Tensile Shear Strength and Corrosion Behavior of Circular Bead Produced by a Laser Beam for Overlapped AISI 304 Steel Sheets

Abstract: