Prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against Brazilian multiprofessional residents during the pandemic

Dantas, Eder Samuel Oliveira; Magnago, Carinne; Santos, Juliano dos; Araújo Filho, João de Deus de; Meira, Karina Cardoso

doi:10.1590/0103-1104202313612I

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Saúde debate 47 (136) • Jan-Mar 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202313612I copy

Prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against Brazilian multiprofessional residents during the pandemic

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Cross-sectional study which objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence (physical and/or verbal) against multiprofessional residents working at a Brazilian university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. A census was developed in July 2020 with 67 residents. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, evaluating physical and verbal violence through self-report. Associations between the occurrence of violence experienced during the pandemic and independent variables (sociodemographic, psycho-emotional, and patient care with COVID-19) were analyzed using statistical tests and Poisson Regression (PR) with robust variance. Differences between groups were observed when comparing occupations and the degree of satisfaction with the residence, with a higher proportion of physical therapists and social workers, as well as dissatisfied residents among those who reported violence (p≤0.005). After regression analysis, violence was associated with increase in age (PR=1.25; 95%CI 1.12-1.40) and moderate/severe anxiety levels (RP=2.87; 95%CI 1.12-1.40). The findings point to the need to implement institutional measures for the prevention and control of workplace violence considering the factors associated with it during the pandemic.

KEYWORDS
Workplace violence; Internship and residency; Pandemics; COVID-19; Prevalence

Variable	Suffered verbal/physical violence		Did not suffer violence		p-value	Total
Variable	n	%	n	%	p-value	n	%
Gender
Feminine	12	80.0	39	75.0	0.950⁽¹⁾	51	76.1
Masculine	3	20.0	13	25.0	0.950⁽¹⁾	16	23.9
Race/skin color
Black	5	33.3	23	44.2	0.415⁽¹⁾	28	41.8
Non-black	10	66.7	29	55.8	0.415⁽¹⁾	39	58.2
Mean age (standard deviation)		26.3 (2.4)		24.8 (2.3)	0.156⁽²⁾		25.1 (2.3)
Marital status
Single	13	86.7	43	82.7	0.970⁽¹⁾	56	84.8
Married/living with partner	2	13,3	9	17.3	0.970⁽¹⁾	11	16.7
Family income
R$ 3,997.43*	7	46.7	26	50.0	0.742⁽³⁾	33	49.3
R$ 4,180.00 - R$ 10,450.00	8	53.3	25	48.1		33	49.3
>R$ 10,450.00	0	0.0	1	1.9		1	1.5
Occupation
Nurse	0	0.0	15	28.8	0.014⁽³⁾	15	22.7
Psychologist	2	13,3	10	19, 2		12	17.9
Pharmacist	2	13,3	9	17.3		11	16.4
Physiotherapist	4	26.7	6	11.5		10	14.9
Nutritionist	2	13,3	8	15.4		10	14.9
Social worker	5	33.3	3	5.8		8	11.9
Dental surgeon	0	0.0	1	1.9		1	1.5
Residency program
Adult Intensive Care	7	46.7	19	36.5	0.551⁽³⁾	26	38.8
Child Health	3	20.0	20	38.5		23	34.3
Cardiology	4	26.7	9	17.3		13	19.4
Psychosocial Care	1	6,7	4	7.7		5	7.5
Residency year
First	5	33.3	30	57.7	0.096⁽⁴⁾	35	52,2
Second	10	66.7	22	42.3	0.096⁽⁴⁾	32	47.8
Satisfaction with residency
reasonable/good/excellent	10	66.7	47	90.4	0.038⁽¹⁾	57	85.1
Bad/terrible	5	33.3	5	9,6	0.038⁽¹⁾	10	14.9
Established flow of psychological/psychiatric support for residents by the program
No	14	93.3	51	98.1	0.400⁽²⁾	65	97.0
Yes	1	6,7	1	1.9	0.400⁽²⁾	2	3.0

Hospital work during the pandemic	Suffered verbal/physical violence		Did not suffer violence		p-value
Hospital work during the pandemic	n	%	n	%	p-value
Work rotation
Unscheduled rotation in other sectors, including those that care for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients	14	93.3	26	50.0	0.002⁽¹⁾
Scheduled rotation, but does not care for suspected or confirmed patients for COVID-19	0	0.0	19	36.5
Unscheduled rotation, but does not care for suspected or confirmed patients for COVID-19	0	0.0	4	7.7
Other types of unscheduled rotation	1	6,7	3	5.8
Have you ever worked directly with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19?
Yes	13	86.7	32	61.5	0.117⁽²⁾
No	2	13,3	20	38.5	0.117⁽²⁾
Have you received training in your area to care for people with COVID-19?
Yes	9	60.0	43	82.7	0.083⁽²⁾
No	6	40.0	9	17.3	0.083⁽²⁾
Do you feel technical and scientific confidence to work with people and family members affected by COVID-19?
Yes	11	73.3	29	55.8	0.222⁽³⁾
No	4	26.7	23	44,2	0.222⁽³⁾
Are you receiving financial incentives in addition to the residency grant to work in the pandemic?
Yes	15	100.0	50	96.2	1,000⁽²⁾
No	0	0.0	2	3,8	1,000⁽²⁾
Is personal protective equipment accessible in your work sector?
Always	7	46.7	33	63.5	0.085⁽¹⁾
Sometimes	5	33.3	16	30.8
Never	3	20.0	1	1.9
Not applicable	0	0.0	2	3,8
Do you know of a flowchart for triage and care for multiprofessional residents with suspected COVID-19?
Sim	12	80.0	38	73.1	0.743⁽²⁾
Não	3	20.0	14	26.9	0.743⁽²⁾
Do you know any psychosocial coping strategies for the context of COVID-19 available in the hospital or sector where you work?
Sim	13	86.7	36	69.2	0.321⁽²⁾
Não	2	13,3	16	30.8	0.321⁽²⁾

Variable	PR not adjusted (CI95%)	p-value	PR adjusted (IC95%)	p-value
Beck Anxiety Inventory
Minimal/mild symptoms			1
moderate/severe symptoms	1.92 (0.80-4.59)	0.140	2.87 (1.16-3.40)	0.022
Age	1.18 (1.05-1.33)	0.003	1.25 (1.12-1.40)	0.000

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[1] Conflict of interests: non-existent