ABSTRACT
This article aims to compare the evolution of Covid-19 in Manaus and Fortaleza, two epicenters of the pandemic in 2020, analyzing legal measures by local governments and levels of social isolation. An algorithm was defined to calculate the Homestay Index (HSI), using data from the Google Mobility Report. We analyzed the decree’s timeline, the HSI evolution, the Covid-19 incidence and the number of deaths from March/2020 to January/2021. The population of Fortaleza was exposed to more consistent measures of social distancing than that of Manaus. Longer homestay was observed from March to May 2020 and Fortaleza achieved higher and more lasting levels. As of June 2020, the HSI fell, notably in Manaus, reaching levels below zero in late December. As an aggravating factor, the government decreed broad isolation in Manaus on December 23, 2020, but after protests it was repealed on December 26, 2020. A judicial decision determined the complete closure in Manaus on January 2nd 2021, but it was too late: the SUS collapsed with an exponential increase in deaths. In Fortaleza, the demand for health services was high, but under control. We consider that only the strict application of non-pharmacological measures and mass immunization can prevent further deaths.
KEYWORDS
Covid-19; Pandemics; Decrees; Social isolation; Unified Health System
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FORTALEZA - State decrees for social containment and relaxation1. Decree No. 33510 of March 16, 2020: suspends municipal meetings and events, official trips and isolates people diagnosed with Covid-19.2. Decree No. 33519 of March 19, 2020: suspends classes (public/private), non-essential commercial establishment, events with more than 100 people and services to users in public institutions.3. Decree No. 33521 of March 21, 2020: recommends that services must be by take away, drive-thru or delivery.4. Decree No. 33523 of March 23, 2020: establishes essential places such as bakeries, supermarkets, car repair shops. (Deadlines for isolation decrees extended, every 15 days until 11 July).5. Decree No. 33671 of July 11, 2020: regionalization of isolation and reopening schedules for each type of establishment.6. Decree No. 33704 of August 5, 2020: imposes conditions for each establishment (number of people and distance in relation to venue capacity, hygiene conditions and waiting time)7. Decree No. 33899, of January 9, 2021: social isolation measures are extended until January 31, 2021 in the State of Ceará.8. Decree No. 33904, of January 21, 2021: until January 31, 2021, the social isolation measures provided for in Decree No. 33519 of March 19, 2020 remain in force in the State of Ceará.9. Decree No. 33913, of January 30, 2021: until February 07, 2021, the social isolation measures provided for in Decree No. 33519, of March 19, 2020 remain in force in the State of Ceará.MANAUS - State decrees for social containment and relaxation10. Decree No. 42061 of March 16, 2020: suspends public and private classes, municipal meetings and events, official trips and isolates people diagnosed with Covid-19.11. Decree No. 42063 of March 17, 2020: suspends non-essential commercial establishments, events with more than 100 people (like shows).12. Decree No. 42085 of March 18, 2020: suspends face-to-face service to users in public institutions.13. Decree No. 42087 of March 19, 2020: suspends intercity road transport14. Decree No. 42145 of March 31, 2020: closure of visits to prisons (Deadlines for isolation decrees have been extended, every 15 days, until May 28.)15. Decree No. 42330 of May 28, 2020: opening: on June 01 shopping malls, public institutions, religious temples; June 06 bars and restaurants; June 7 face-to-face meetings; June 15 toy stores, stationery and offices.But it imposes conditions for each establishment: number of people relative to local capacity, hygiene conditions, distances between people and waiting time.16. Decree No. 4906, of September 18, 2020: suspends for 60 (sixty) days, the Ponta Negra Tourist Complex beach.17. Law No. 2,709, of November 27, 2020: reopening of restaurants, bakeries, supermarkets and establishments that provide meals in the municipality of Manaus, with restrictive measures.18. Decree No. 43234, of December 23, 2020: prohibits, in the period from December 28, 2020 to January 11, 2021, the opening of non-essential commerce and the holding of commemorative meetings, including New Year’s.19. Decree No. 43236, of December 28, 2020: revokes the closing of non-essential trade previously determined by Decree No. 43434.20. Court decision of January 2, 2021, at the request of the Public Defender of Amazonas, maintains the validity of Decree No. 43234, prohibiting the opening of non-essential trade.21. Decree No. 5001, of January 4, 2021: declares an emergency situation in the Municipality of Manaus, for a period of one hundred and eighty days, due to the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus.22. Decree No. 4999, of January 4, 2021: suspended, until March 31, 2021, any and all attendance to the public, face to face, by the Municipal Public Administration.23. Decree No. 43303, of January 23, 2021: extends the temporary restriction on the movement of people on public roads, in all municipalities of Amazonas, 24 hours a day (LOCKDOWN).Source: Self elaborated - Homestay Index (HSI) based on Google Mobility Report (GMR)13, Number of cases and deaths based on the Coronavirus Brasil dashboard5, Incidence rate calculated based on the estimated population available in the IBGE (Sidra)16.
Source: Self elaborated - Homestay Index (HSI) and components, based on the Google Mobility Report (GMR).
Source: Self elaborated - Number of deaths based on Coronavírus Brasil dashboard