Vegetative and productive responses of tabasco pepper to fertigation and plastic mulching

Chaves, Sérgio Weine Paulino; Coelho, Rubens Duarte; Costa, Jéfferson de Oliveira; Tapparo, Sergio André

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2021-0084

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Agricultural Engineering • Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 79 (5) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2021-0084 copy

Vegetative and productive responses of tabasco pepper to fertigation and plastic mulching

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The use of plastic mulching and high frequency hydroponic drip irrigation (intensive production methods) watering cycle may increase tabasco pepper crop production per unit area. To test this hypothesis, two randomized block experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with two contrasting soil types (sandy loam and loamy soil), two mulching conditions of soil cover (SC), and no soil cover (NC) at four frequencies: 1, 3, 12, and 24 irrigations every three days. The growth and yield pepper components were evaluated and the water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated. Mulching did increase fruit dry mass percentage (FDMP), WUE, and potassium use efficiency (KUE) in sandy loam soil. The greater frequency fertigation did not increase fruit fresh mass (FFM), number of fruits (NF), fruit average mass (FAM), fruit dry mass (FDM), FDMP, or WUE in sandy loam and loamy soils. Tabasco pepper has a permanent shrub growth habit that is somewhat different from horticultural crops, besides it is usually responsive to high frequency irrigation under vegetative intensive growth.

Keywords:
Capsicum frutescens L.; greenhouse; soil cover; water use efficiency

pH H₂O	P (Mehlich)	K	MO	Ca + Mg	Al	D_s	D_p	PT	Particle size fractions
pH H₂O	P (Mehlich)	K	MO	Ca + Mg	Al	D_s	D_p	PT	Sand	Silt	Clay
	---------------- mg dm⁻³ ----------------		g kg⁻¹	--------------- cmol dm⁻³ ---------------		--------------- g cm⁻³ ---------------		%	------------------- g kg⁻¹ -------------------
Oxisol (Typic Ustox)
5.0	17.0	19.5	14.0	2.3	0.0	1.53	2.65	42.3	751	78	171
Ultisol (Typic Udults)
5.6	7.0	124.8	13.0	6.0	0.0	1.28	2.70	52.6	313	148	539

N	P₂O₅	K₂O	Ca	Mg	SO₄
-------------------------------- kg ha⁻¹ --------------------------------
Soil cover (SC)
136	196	812	69	4	97
No soil cover (NC)
185	279	1160	93	4	139

Treatments	FFM	NF	FAM	FDMP	FDM
	g per plant	fruit per plant	g per fruit	%	g per plant
Oxisol (Typic Ustox)
Cover
SC	2078.40 b	3884 b	0.51 b	28.31 a	577.01 b
NC	2598.10 a	4314 a	0.58 a	27.11 b	693.36 a
DMS	227.53	384	0.03	0.60	61.09
Frequencies¹ 1 Frequency: 1, 3, 12 and 24 fertigation every three days; DMS = Minimum significant difference; treatments SC = soil cover and NC = no soil cover.
1	2303.30	4028	0.55	27.88	631.29
3	2283.50	3913	0.55	27.34	614.62
12	2443.80	4280	0.54	27.54	655.99
24	2322.30	4175	0.54	28.09	638.84
DMS	431.29	727	0.05	1.14	115.79
Ultisol (Typic Udults)
Cover
SC	2304.70 b	4184 b	0.52 b	28.04	637.03 b
NC	3119.90 a	5123 a	0.58 a	27.55	846.99 a
DMS	298.14	460	0.03	0.60	75.75
Frequencies¹ 1 Frequency: 1, 3, 12 and 24 fertigation every three days; DMS = Minimum significant difference; treatments SC = soil cover and NC = no soil cover.
1	2794.80	4905	0.54	28.44	789.04
3	2625.80	4527	0.56	27.66	718.58
12	2883.90	4849	0.55	27.46	767.27
24	2544.70	4332	0.56	27.64	693.16
DMS	565.12	872	0.06	1.15	143.59

Treatments	NUE	PUE	KUE	NPKUE	WUE
	-------------------------------- kg kg⁻¹ --------------------------------				kg m⁻³
Oxisol (Typic Ustox)
Cover
SC	48.70	18.54	8.53 a^* * Values between lines followed by letters differ statistically by Tukey test at 5 % probability level;	5.18	2.18 a^* * Values between lines followed by letters differ statistically by Tukey test at 5 % probability level;
NC	44.47	18.15	7.45 b	4.75	1.89 b
DMS	4.81	1.83	0.84	0.51	0.21
Frequencies¹ 1 Frequency: 1, 3, 12 and 24 fertigation every three days; DMS = Minimum significant difference; treatments SC = soil cover and NC = no soil cover.
1	45.13	17.86	7.73	4.81	1.99
3	44.55	17.63	7.61	4.74	1.93
12	48.74	19.33	8.43	5.23	2.14
24	47.91	18.55	8.20	5.07	2.09
DMS	9.12	3.47	1.60	0.98	0.40
Ultisol (Typic Udults)
Cover
SC	54.03	20.07 b	9.65	5.82	2.41
NC	54.75	22.59 a	9.32	5.89	2.31
DMS	5.41	2.19	0.92	0.58	0.23
Frequencies¹ 1 Frequency: 1, 3, 12 and 24 fertigation every three days; DMS = Minimum significant difference; treatments SC = soil cover and NC = no soil cover.
1	56.33	22.10	9.84	6.07	2.45
3	52.21	20.53	9.12	5.62	2.27
12	57.82	22.66	10.05	6.21	2.50
24	51.21	20.05	8.94	5.51	2.23
DMS	10.25	4.15	1.76	1.10	0.44

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[1] *Corresponding author <costajo@alumni.usp.br>