Fatty acid profile and beef quality of Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn

Teixeira, Priscilla Dutra; Schoonmaker, Jon P.; Carvalho, José Rodolfo Reis de; Oliveira, Cristhiane Viol Ribeiro de; Rodrigues, Aline de Castro; Santos, Luana Ruiz dos; Ladeira, Marcio Machado

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0273

Priscilla Dutra Teixeira

Universidade Federal de Lavras – Depto. de Zootecnia, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, s/n – 37200-900 – Lavras, MG – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-2987

Jon P. Schoonmaker

Purdue University – Dept. of Animal Science, 270 S Russell Street – 47907 – West Lafayette, IN – USA.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6641-0166

José Rodolfo Reis de Carvalho

Universidade Federal de Lavras – Depto. de Zootecnia, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, s/n – 37200-900 – Lavras, MG – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-9219

Cristhiane Viol Ribeiro de Oliveira

Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Depto. de Zootecnia, Av. PH. Rolfs, s/n – 36570-900 – Viçosa, MG – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-1131

Aline de Castro Rodrigues

Universidade Federal de Lavras – Depto. de Zootecnia, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, s/n – 37200-900 – Lavras, MG – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2509-8879

Luana Ruiz dos Santos

Universidade Federal de Lavras – Depto. de Zootecnia, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, s/n – 37200-900 – Lavras, MG – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-1862

Marcio Machado Ladeira ^**Corresponding author <mladeira@dzo.ufla.br>

Universidade Federal de Lavras – Depto. de Zootecnia, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, s/n – 37200-900 – Lavras, MG – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-8486

*Corresponding author <mladeira@dzo.ufla.br>

Edited by: Antonio Faciola

Authors' Contributions

Conceptualization: Ladeira, M.M. Data acquisition: Teixeira, P.D; Carvalho, J.R.R. Data analysis: Teixeira, P.D; Carvalho, J.R.R.; Oliveira, C.V.R.; Rodrigues, A.C.; Santos, L.R.; Design of methodology: Ladeira, M.M; Schoonmaker, J.P. Writing and editing: Teixeira, P.D.; Ladeira, M.M; Schoonmaker J.P.

Item		Diets
Item		GC¹ 1 GC = ground corn;	WSC² 2 WSC = whole shelled corn;
Ingredients, % of DM
	Whole shelled corn³ 3 Flint corn;	–	85
	Protein and mineral supplement⁴ 4 Composition: corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and soybean hulls (concentrations not provided by the manufacturer); CP: 32.0 %, TDN: 50.0 %, Ca: 45 g kg−1, Mg: 7.5 g kg−1, P: 11 g kg−1, Cu 104 mg kg−1, Zn: 344 mg kg−1, Se: 0.83 mg kg−1, 30,500 IU kg−1 of Vitamin A, 3,800 IU kg−1 of Vitamin D3, 134 IU kg−1 of Vitamin E (Nutronbeef Grano Entero; Nutron Alimentos, Campinas, Brazil);	–	15
	Corn silage³ 3 Flint corn;	30	–
	Ground corn³ 3 Flint corn;	58	–
	Soybean meal	10	–
	Mineral supplement⁵ 5 Assurance levels per kilogram of product: Ca: 170 g, P: 31 g, Na: 155 g, Zn: 2 mg, Cu: 396 mg, Mn: 515 mg, Co: 15 mg, I: 29 mg, Se: 5.4 mg, vitamin A: 111,000 IU, vitamin D3: 22,000 IU, vitamin E: 265 IU;	2	–
Nutrients, % of DM
	Dry matter	57.3	87.8
	Crude protein	12.7	14.6
	Neutral detergent fiber	24.0	11.1
	NDF from forage	14.7	0
	Non–fiber carbohydrate⁶ 6 Nonfiber carbohydrates calculated according to Sniffen et al. (1992);	56.2	67.1
	Starch	49.0	61.8
	Ether extract	2.2	2.6
	Metabolizable energy, Mcal kg⁻¹ MS⁷ 7 Metabolizable energy (ME) = TDN (g kg−1 DM) × 4.4 × 0.82 (NASEM, 2016).	2.59	2.97
Fatty acids, % of total FA
	Myristic, C14:0	0.54	0.17
	Palmitic, C16:0	17.3	15.8
	Stearic, C18:0	6.13	3.35
	Oleic, C18:1c9	27.3	29.4
	Linoleic, C18:2	42.2	48.3
	Linolenic, C18:3	3.34	2.97
	ΣSaturated	22.6	16.8
	ΣUnsaturated	75.0	83.2
	ΣMonounsaturated	28.8	30.9
	ΣPolyunsaturated	46.2	52.3

Variables	Angus		Nellore		SEM	p–values
Variables	GC	WSC	GC	WSC	SEM	Breed	Diet	B*D	BDA
CL (%)	26.6	27.6	27.8	26.0	0.82	0.80	0.59	0.12	0.55
Ligthness (L*)	49.7	49.2	50.9	48.8	0.75	0.78	0.16	0.35	0.19
Redness (a*)	14.0	14.0	13.8	13.9	0.47	0.76	0.84	0.95	0.90
Yellowness (b*)	10.2	10.1	10.3	10.2	0.36	0.66	0.78	0.97	0.77
Chroma (C*)	17.3	17.4	17.2	17.3	0.58	0.97	0.98	0.95	0.85
Hue angle (h*)	36.1	35.8	36.9	36.2	0.31	0.06	0.13	0.57	0.25

			Angus		Nellore		SEM	p–values
			GC	WSC	GC	WSC	SEM	Breed	Diet	B*D
Ether extract (%)			4.79	5.10	4.51	4.11	0.39	0.05	0.89	0.27
Fatty acids
	Lauric	C12:0	0.56	0.54	0.56	0.63	0.08	0.56	0.71	0.55
	Myristic	C14:0	3.98^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	7.53^a a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	4.97^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	4.06^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.79	0.12	0.01	< 0.001
	Myristoleic	C14:1	0.92^c a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	1.56^ab a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	1.74^a a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	1.10^bc a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.25	0.46	0.99	0.01
	Pentadecanoic	C15:0	0.55^d a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	1.18^a a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.66^cd a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.85^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.10	0.25	< 0.001	0.03
	Palmitic	C16:0	25.9	14.6	30.8	24.7	2.19	< 0.01	< 0.001	0.22
	Palmitoleic	C16:1	4.09	5.76	4.10	3.37	0.85	0.13	0.54	0.13
	Margaric	C17:0	1.73	2.51	1.42	1.61	0.39	0.12	0.20	0.44
	Stearic	C18:0	14.6^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	20.4^a a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	18.6^ab a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	14.8^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	2.66	0.64	0.58	0.04
	Trans octadecenoic¹	C18:1 trans	2.29	3.30	1.93	2.75	0.44	0.37	0.08	0.85
	Oleic	C18:1c9	29.6	27.0	29.3	34.7	3.65	0.22	0.64	0.18
	Linoleic	C18:2n6	8.12	9.93	5.17	7.47	0.85	< 0.01	0.02	0.76
	CLA	C18:2c9t11	0.40	0.69	0.55	0.62	0.11	0.71	0.09	0.31
	CLA	C18:2t10c12	0.14	0.17	0.14	0.18	0.01	0.96	0.01	0.68
	α Linolenic	C18:3n3	0.43^ab a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.22^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.22^b a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.52^a a,b,c,d Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly according to the Tukey test.	0.11	0.64	0.67	0.02
	Arachidonic	C20:4n6	1.20	1.43	0.99	1.17	0.19	0.24	0.31	0.89
	EPA	C20:5n3	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.04	0.87	0.55	0.99
	DPA	C22:6n3	0.22	0.24	0.19	0.23	0.04	0.73	0.46	0.79
	∑ Saturated		49.6	48.6	54.7	47.7	4.40	0.51	0.26	0.48
	∑ Unsaturated		50.4	51.4	45.3	52.3	4.28	0.60	0.31	0.46
	∑ UFA/SFA		1.01	1.06	0.83	1.10	0.36	0.35	0.26	0.63
	∑ Monounsaturated		37.7	35.6	35.8	40.9	4.57	0.69	0.71	0.40
	∑ Polyunsaturated		12.7	15.8	9.58	11.4	1.29	< 0.01	0.05	0.58
	∑ Omega–3		0.93	0.88	0.82	0.77	0.14	0.40	0.69	0.98
	∑ Omega–6		10.7	13.5	7.59	9.3	1.16	< 0.001	0.03	0.57
	∑Omega–6/∑Omega–3		11.5	15.3	9.26	12.1	3.26	0.153	0.63	0.67

[1] *Corresponding author <mladeira@dzo.ufla.br>

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Fatty acid profile and beef quality of Nellore and Angus bulls fed whole shelled corn

ABSTRACT: