Thermal concentration effects of tomato pulp and carotenoids extraction from the residue

Miranda, Nara Godinho Motta; Gomes, Flavia dos Santos; Cabral, Lourdes Maria Correa; Jesus, Monalisa Santana Coelho de

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2022-0047

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Food Science and Technology • Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 80 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2022-0047 copy

Thermal concentration effects of tomato pulp and carotenoids extraction from the residue

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ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated the effect of two thermal concentration systems on bioactive compounds, the sugar content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pulp, and the carotenoid bioaccessibility of pulp concentrate. The closed processing system ensured a higher retention of phenolic and carotenoid compounds. The bioaccessibility of lycopene in tomato pulp concentrate was relatively low (0.54 %) but higher than in raw tomato pulp (0.15 %), corroborating other results that have reported the low availability of the compound in these matrices. Carotenoid extraction from tomato residue was also evaluated through both conventional (CE) and ultrasound (UAE) extractions together with the stability of extracts over 30 days. UAE promoted a superior release of lycopene and lutein than conventional extraction. Lycopene showed less stability with a reduction of 18 % in 30 days.

phenolic compounds; bioaccessibility; ultrasound; conventional extraction

Parameter	Raw Pulp	Concentrated Pulp

		Open System	CF_open	Closed System	CF_closed
Total soluble solids	4.0	8.0	2.0	8.3	2.1
Total phenolics	57.04^a ± 1.18	71.2^b ± 0.25	1.2	106.3^c ± 3.54	1.9
Antioxidant capacity	1.12^a ± 0.03	1.60^a ± 0.03	1.4	2.01^b ± 0.09	1.8
Total carotenoids	4.47^a ± 0.03	6.54^b ± 0.05	1.5	8.55^c ± 0.03	1.9
Lycopene	3.91^a ± 0.02	5.35^b ± 0.11	1.4	6.62^c ± 0.05	1.7
β-carotene	0.22^a ± 0.01	0.24^a ± 0.02	1.1	0.37^b ± 0.00	1.7
Lutein	0.05^a ± 0.01	0.05^a ± 0.00	1.0	0.07^a ± 0.02	1.4
Vitamin C	7.21^a ± 0.15	5.71^b ± 0.01	0.8	6.83^c ± 0.10	0.9
Glucose	1.49^a ± 0.04	1.96^b ± 0.01	1.3	2.27^b ± 0.01	1.5
Fructose	1.44^a ± 0.00	1.88^b ± 0.03	1.3	2.33^c ± 0.04	1.6

Carotenoid (µg 100^–1 g^–1)	Open system		Closed System

	Before digestion	After digestion	Before digestion	After digestion
Lutein	46.12 ± 1.3	nd	102.51 ± 0.71	nd
Beta-carotene	505.05 ± 5.24	0.74 ± 0.01	370.21 ± 7.07	0.43 ± 0.01
Cis lycopene	751.14 ± 7.84	1.03 ± 0.02	269.06 ± 21.04	0.31 ± 0.05
Trans lycopene	7204.35 ± 10.24	24.43 ± 0.12	6615.07 ± 52.31	17.21 ± 0.06

Parameter	Residue powder*	Conventional Extract	Ultrassound Assisted Extract
Moisture	1.42 ± 0.05	na	na
Total carotenoids	13601.66 ± 101.5	8336.72 ± 100.43	9962.82 ± 133.12
Lycopene	6159.30 ± 154.21	2773.53 ± 16.91	4686.67 ± 115.03
Beta carotene	3451.02 ± 143.16	1636.48 ± 16.18	1458.15 ± 55.15
Lutein	703.50 ± 10.44	256.78 ± 4.27	333.08 ± 10.08

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[1] * Corresponding author < narammir@yahoo.com.br >