Association among race/color, gender, and intrinsic capacity: results from the ELSI-Brazil study

Plácido, Jessica; Marinho, Valeska; Ferreira, José Vinicius; Teixeira, Ivan Abdalla; Costa, Erico Castro; Deslandes, Andrea Camaz

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004548

Jessica Plácido

Study design and planning,Data collection, analysis and interpretation,Manuscript drafting or review, Approval of the final version,Public responsibility for the content of the article

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Psiquiatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1921-6672

Valeska Marinho

Study design and planning,Data collection, analysis and interpretation,Manuscript drafting or review, Approval of the final version,Public responsibility for the content of the article

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Psiquiatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4665-9655

José Vinicius Ferreira

Study design and planning,Data collection, analysis and interpretation,Manuscript drafting or review, Approval of the final version,Public responsibility for the content of the article

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Psiquiatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-7483

Ivan Abdalla Teixeira

Study design and planning,Data collection, analysis and interpretation,Manuscript drafting or review, Approval of the final version,Public responsibility for the content of the article

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Psiquiatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0011-0034

Erico Castro Costa

Study design and planning,Data collection, analysis and interpretation,Manuscript drafting or review, Approval of the final version,Public responsibility for the content of the article

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-5439

Andrea Camaz Deslandes

Study design and planning,Data collection, analysis and interpretation,Manuscript drafting or review, Approval of the final version,Public responsibility for the content of the article

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Psiquiatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-9111

Correspondence: Andrea Camaz Deslandes Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício, sala 16, CDA Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 22290-140 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil E-mail: adeslandes@ufrj.br

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

	Black participants (n = 887)	Brown participants (n = 4,283)	White participants (n = 3,590)	Total cohort (n = 8,760)	x²	p
Age (%)
50–59	45.5	51.6	45.3	48.2	35.7	0.001^a
60–69	33.8	28.7	30.2	29.9
≥ 70	20.7	19.7	24.4	21.9
Educational attainment (%)
Never studied	20.6	15.3	7.5	12.4	219.0	< 0.001^a
Adult education (years)	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
1–4	40.5	38.1	36.9	37.8
5–8	16.2	21.9	22.6	21.7
9–11	17.0	18.5	20.4	19.2
≥ 12	5.7	6.0	12.4	8.8
Gender (%)
Female	56.4	53.2	54.1	53.9	2.33	0.57
Male	43.6	46.8	45.9	46.1	2.33	0.57
Income (%)
Less than one minimum wage	78.5	75.0	57.6	67.6	295.3	< 0.001^b
1–3 minimum wages	19.9	22.6	35.6	28.1
3–6 minimum wages	1.0	2.2	4.5	3.1
6–9 minimum wages	0.3	0.3	1.2	0.7
More than 9 minimum wages	0	0.1	1.2	0.5
Region (%)
Southeast	48.0	42.1	50.4	46.4	975.2	< 0.001^b
North	4.3	8.3	1.7	5.0
Northeast	35.5	34.2	12.6	24.7
Midwest	6.1	7.2	4.9	6.1
South	6.1	8.2	30.3	17.8
Verbal fluency (%)
Below the cutoff point	36.0	30.2	23.6	27.8	57.8	< 0.001^b
Above the cutoff point	64.0	69.8	76.4	72.2
Depressive symptoms (%)
Yes	31.9	30.7	26.3	28.9	17.9	0.009^b
No	68.1	69.3	73.7	71.1	17.9	0.009^b
Sensorial deficts (%)
Yes	66.2	69.5	78.7	73.2	87.7	< 0.001^b
No	33.8	30.5	21.3	26.8
Handgrip strength (%)
Below the cutoff point	25.2	26.8	24.4	25.6	4.47	0.35
Above the cutoff point	74.8	73.2	75.6	74.4
Gait velocity (%)
Below the cutoff point	42.8	33.7	32.2	33.9	26.5	0.01^b,c
Above the cutoff point	57.2	66.3	67.8	66.1
Intrinsic capacity score (%)
Below the cutoff point	31.0	26.2	20.1	25.2	22.9	0.01^b
Above the cutoff point	69.0	73.8	79.9	74.8

Cognition
Verbal fluency	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black women	2.33	1.63–3.34	< 0.001^a	2.28	1.60–3.23	< 0.001^a
Brown women	1.88	1.52–2.31	< 0.001^a	1.86	1.52–2.29	< 0.001^a
White women	1.29	1.05–1.58	0.01^a	1.26	1.03–1.55	0.02^a
Black men	1.82	1.37–2.42	< 0.001^a	1.81	1.37–2.40	< 0.001^a
Brown men	1.35	1.09–1.67	0.006^a	1.36	1.10–1.68	0.004^a
Age				1.29	1.17–1.42	< 0.001^a
Income				0.92	0.83–1.03	0.16
Psychological
Depressive symptoms	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black women	2.60	1.99–3.38	< 0.001^a	2.40	1.83–3.14	< 0.001^a
Brown women	2.55	2.06–3.15	< 0.001^a	2.32	1.88–2.86	< 0.001^a
White women	1.97	1.63–2.38	< 0.001^a	2.0	1.66–2.40	< 0.001^a
Black men	1.26	0.94–1.69	0.11	1.12	0.83–1.51	0.43
Brown men	1.19	0.96–1.48	0.11	1.07	0.86–1.33	0.52
Age				0.78	0.73–0.84	< 0.001^a
Income				0.69	0.61–0.78	< 0.001^a
Vitality
Handgrip	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black women	1.29	0.83–2.01	0.25	1.19	0.79–1.80	0.38
Brown women	1.76	1.41–2.19	< 0.001^a	1.79	1.42–2.24	< 0.001^a
White women	1.65	1.37–1.99	< 0.001^a	1.60	1.32–1.95	< 0.001^a
Black men	1.50	1.03–2.19	0.03^a	1.52	1.05–2.20	0.02^a
Brown men	1.25	1.01–1.55	0.03^a	1.29	1.06–1.58	0.01^a
Age				2.21	1.97–2.49	< 0.001^a
Income				0.76	0.67–0.85	< 0.001^a
Locomotor
Gait velocity	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black women	3.04	2.07–4.46	< 0.001^a	3.12	2.10–4.62	< 0.001^a
Brown women	2.16	1.73–2.70	< 0.001^a	2.27	1.81–2.85	< 0.001^a
White women	2.12	1.73–2.60	< 0.001^a	2.13	1.73–2.64	< 0.001^a
Black men	1.77	1.27–2.47	< 0.001^a	1.86	1.32–2.62	< 0.001^a
Brown men	1.17	0.94–1.47	0.15	1.24	0.99–1.56	0.05
Age				2.03	1.84–2.23	< 0.001^a
Income				0.86	0.76–0.97	0.01^a
Vision/hearing impairments	OR	CI_95%	p	OR	CI_95%	p
Black women	0.44	0.33–0.55	< 0.001^a	0.41	0.17–0.50	< 0.001^a
Brown women	0.66	0.57–0.77	< 0.001^a	0.77	0.67–0.90	< 0.001^a
White women	2.26	1.87–2.73	< 0.001^a	2.43	2.01–2.94	< 0.001^a
Black men	0.57	0.44–0.74	< 0.001^a	0.70	0.54–0.89	0.005^a
Brown men	0.69	0.58–0.82	< 0.001^a	0.80	0.67–0.95	0.01^a
Age				0.94	0.86–1.04	0.26
Income				2.17	1.86–2.51	< 0.001^a
Intrinsic capacity
IC	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black women	3.31	2.12–5.17	< 0.001^a	2.91	1.89–4.47	< 0.001^a
Brown women	2.69	2.25–3.21	< 0.001^a	2.51	2.09–3.02	0.01^a
White women	2.04	1.73–2.40	< 0.001^a	2.00	1.69–2.36	< 0.001^a
Black men	1.87	1.37–2.55	< 0.001^a	1.69	1.23–2.31	0.001^a
Brown men	1.27	1.06–1.52	0.009^a	1.21	1.02–1.45	0.02^a
Age				1.67	1.52–1.83	< 0.001^a
Income				0.76	0.69–0.83	< 0.001^a
Education				0.87	0.83–0.92	< 0.001^a

Cognition
Verbal fluency	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black	1.82	1.43–2.32	< 0.001^a	1.80	1.42–2.28	< 0.001^a
Brown	1.40	1.20–1.63	< 0.001^a	1.41	1.21–1.65	< 0.001^a
Age				1.27	1.16–1.39	< 0.001^a
Income				0.91	0.82–1.02	0.12
Psychological
Depressive symptoms	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black	1.30	1.03–1.64	0.02^a	1.17	0.93–1.47	0.17
Brown	1.23	1.05–1.46	0.01^a	1.12	0.95–1.33	0.16
Age				0.78	0.73–0.84	< 0.001^a
Income				0.69	0.61–0.78	< 0.001^a
Gender				0.47	0.42–0.53	< 0.001^a
Vitality
Handgrip	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black	1.04	0.74–1.45	0.81	1.01	0.75–1.36	0.93
Brown	1.13	0.97–1.32	0.11	1.18	1.02–1.37	0.02^a
Age				2.22	1.98–2.50	< 0.001^a
Income				0.75	0.67–0.85	< 0.001^a
Locomotor
Gait velocity	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black	1.57	1.18–2.09	0.002^a	1.61	1.20–2.15	0.001^a
Brown	1.07	0.86–1.33	0.51	1.13	0.91–1.41	0.25
Age				2.02	1.84–2.23	< 0.001^a
Income				0.86	0.76– 0.97	0.01^a
Gender				0.51	0.44–0.59	< 0.001^a
Sensorial
Visual/hearing impairments	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black	0.53	0.41–0.67	< 0.001^a	0.60	0.48–0.77	< 0.001^a
Brown	0.61	0.52–0.72	< 0.001^a	0.70	0.60–0.81	< 0.001^a
Age				0.94	0.86–1.04	0.13
Income				2.16	1.85– 2.51	< 0.001^a
Gender				0.50	0.44–0.56	< 0.001^a
Intrinsic capacity
IC	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Black	1.72	1.23–2.40	0.001^a	1.54	1.15–2.08	0.004^a
Brown	1.28	1.11–1.48	< 0.001^a	1.24	1.08–1.42	0.002^a
Age				1.67	1.52–1.83	< 0.001^a
Income				0.76	0.69–0.83	< 0.001^a
Gender				0.50	0.43–0.57	< 0.001^a
Education				0.87	0.83–0.92	< 0.001^a

[1] Correspondence: Andrea Camaz Deslandes Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício, sala 16, CDA Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 22290-140 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil E-mail: adeslandes@ufrj.br

Brasil

Brasil

Association among race/color, gender, and intrinsic capacity: results from the ELSI-Brazil study

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION