Broad-Snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) bite

A 35-year-old female from Ilha do Mel (an estuarine complex of Paranaguá, in Southern Brazil), while walking at night on a sandy trail, was bitten by a 5 foot Broad-Snouted Caiman (Figure 1) on her right leg after a friend stepped on the alligator’s back, which was misjudged to be a tree trunk. She presented with significant bleeding and was evaluated at a local medical facility receiving antiseptic care, bandages with neomycin cream, and cephalexin 500 mg four times a day. Four days later, the patient presented with multiple perforated and lacerated skin wounds of 1 to 2 cm on her left leg (Figure 1), complaining of pain, inflammation, and purulent discharge in the wounds. The patient had no bone fractures.

FIGURE 1:
Left: Broad-Snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) and teeth of a crocodilian. Right: Multiple lacerated and perforated skin wounds on the right leg of the patient. Photos: Roberto Gomes Tarlé and Vidal Haddad Junior.

Escherichia coli was isolated from wound cultures. The antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin were administered. She received anti-tetanus immunoglobulin and daily dressing with fusidic acid cream. Rabies prevention was not necessary because the reptiles did not transmit the disease. At 72 hours, the inflammatory signs and pain were significantly improved, and at four weeks, the lesions showed complete re-epithelialization.

The Broad-Snouted Caiman is widely distributed in Brazil, in freshwater habitats in the Southeast and South regions, and in all the coastal environments. Caiman latirostris is a medium-sized crocodilian, reaching up to 3.5 meters in length¹.

Caiman bites must be considered polymicrobial wounds. The use of preventive antimicrobials has been recommended^2,3. In non-hospitalized patients, the use of amoxicillin-clavulanate, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim or azithromycin associated with quinolone has been advocated^2,3.

REFERENCES

• ¹
  Silva JSA, Mota RA, Pinheiro Júnior JW, Almeida MCS, Silva DR, Ferreira DRA, et al. Aerobic bacterial microflora of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) oral cavity and cloaca, originating from Parque Zoológico Arruda Câmara, Paraíba, Brazil. Brazilian J Microbiol. 2009;40(1):194-8.
• ²
  Haddad Jr V, Fonseca WC. A fatal attack on a child by a black caiman (Melanosuchus niger). Wild Environ Med. 2005;22(1):62-4.
• ³
  Campos Neto MF, Stolf HO, Haddad Jr V. Ataque de jacaré a um pescador no Pantanal de Mato Grosso (Brasil). Diagnóstico e Tratamento. 2013;18(1):21-3.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  25 Feb 2022
• Date of issue
  2022

History

• Received
  18 Nov 2021
• Accepted
  09 Dec 2021