Antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteria in surface waters with fecal contamination from urban and rural communities

Moretto, Vanessa Tibolla; Cordeiro, Soraia Machado; Bartley, Patricia Salcedo; Silva, Luciano Kalabric; Ponce-Terashima, Rafael; Reis, Mitermayer Galvão; Blanton, Ronald Edward; Barbosa, Lúcio Macedo

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0724-2020

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Short Communication • Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 54 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0724-2020 copy

Antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteria in surface waters with fecal contamination from urban and rural communities

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Inadequate wastewater treatment and fecal contamination have a strong environmental impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study evaluated the profile of AMR enterobacteria and fecal contamination from four surface waters: Jiquiriça-Brejões River and Cabrito, Tororó, and Abaeté Lagoons.

METHODS:

We analyzed AMR β-lactamase genes using the polymerase chain reaction method and fecal contamination using Coliscan^®.

RESULTS:

We found high levels of fecal contamination, β-lactamase producers, and AMR genes (bla_OXA-48, bla_SPM, and bla_VIM) in all waterbodies.

CONCLUSIONS:

Poor sanitation evidenced by fecal contamination and human activities around these surface waters contributed to the distribution and increase in AMR enterobacteria.

Keywords:
Fecal contamination; Surface water; Enterobacteria; Antimicrobial resistance; ESBL-producing; Carbapenemase-producing

	Sample 1		Sample 2		Sample 3		Sample 4		Average
	TC	E. coli	TC	E. coli	TC	E. coli	TC	E. coli	TC	E. coli
JB	186.7	138.0	383.0	127.0	876.0	385.3	22.3	6.3	367	164.2
TL	239.4	7.7	63.6	1.0	239.7	4.7	54.0	5.7	149.2	4.8
CL	829.3	544.0	1054.0	591.3	669.4	395.7	391.7	91.7	736.1	405.8
AL	258.7	6.0	151.7	23.7	107.0	5.3	99.7	5.0	154.3	10.0
Total of average	378.5	173.9	413.1	185.8	473.0	197.8	142.0	27.1	351.7	146.2

Antimicrobial susceptibility	JB		CL		TL		AL		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Enterobacter cloacae (total)	17		13		26		9		65
Resistant (R/I)
SAM	16	94	13	100	9	34	5	56	34	52
SAM, IPM, HODGE +	-	-	-	-	2	8	-	-	2	3
SAM, MEM, HODGE +	-	-	-	-	2	8	-	-	2	3
SAM, ETP, HODGE +	-	-	-	-	13	50	-	-	13	20
GEN	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	22	2	3
Susceptible	1	6	-	-	-	-	2	22	3	5
Escherichia coli (total)	5		21		2		3		31
Resistant (R/I)
SAM	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	33	1	3
SAM, FEP, CXM, CXA, CAZ, CRO, ESBL+	-	-	2	10	-	-	-	-	2	6
Susceptible	5	100	19	90	2	100	2	67	28	20
Klebsiella pneumoniae (total)	4		13		4		23		44
Resistant (R/I)
SAM, FEP, CXM, CXA, CAZ, CRO, ESBL+	-	-	1	7	-	-	-	-	1	2
TZP, ETP, IPM, MEM	-	-	1	7	-	-	-	-	1	2
Susceptible	4	100	11	86	4	100	23	100	42	96
Total isolates	26		47		32		35		140

Resistance genes	JB		CL		TL		AL
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
*E. cloacae*	11		6		19		6
CTX-M	-	-	1	17	1	5	1	17
NDM	-	-	-	-	1	5	1	17
OXA-48	2	18	1	17	3	16	2	33
SPM-1	2	18	1	17	2	11	1	17
VIM	3	28	1	17	4	21	-	-
CTX-M/VIM	1	9	-	-	-	-	-	-
CTX-M/SPM-1	1	9	-	-	-	-	-	-
CTX-M/OXA-48	-	-	-	-	1	5	-	-
CTX-M/OXA-48/VIM	1	9	-	-	1	5	-	-
OXA-48/VIM	1	9	-	-	4	21	-	-
OXA-48/SPM-1	-	-	-	-	2	11	1	17
VIM/TEM	-	-	1	17	-	-	-	-
VIM/SPM-1	-	-	1	17	-	-	-	-
*E. coli*	4		3		4		14
CTX-M	1	25	1	33	-	-	1	50
OXA-48	1	25	-	-	-	-	-	-
SPM-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	50
VIM	2	50	1	33	-	-	-	-
CTX-M/VIM	-	-	1	33	-	-	-	-
*K. pneumoniae*	2		3		4			14
CTX-M	-	-	1	33	1	25	3	21
OXA-48	2	100	2	67	1	25	4	29
SPM-1	-	-	-	-	1	25	3	21
CTX-M/VIM	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	7
CTX-M/SPM-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	7
CTX-M/OXA-48	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	14
OXA-48/VIM	-	-	-	-	1	25	-	-

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[1] Corresponding Author: Dr. Lúcio M. Barbosa. e-mail:luciobarbosa@bahiana.edu.br / lucio_barbosa@hotmail.com