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ABSTRACT Background. Due to the different factorial models available for the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), a psychometric study is needed to identify the most appropriate structure of the scale for a Brazilian sample. Objectives: to estimate the psychometric properties of the SPAS when applied to a sample of Brazilian adults and to explore a factorial model for the instrument. Methods. First, the original SPAS single-factor model was assessed for the total sample through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The total sample was randomly divided into two groups. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out in one of the subsamples to identify underlying factors. The new structure was submitted to CFA using the other subsample. Estimates of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability were also calculated. Results: 979 adults with a mean age of 26.09 (SD = 6.37) years participated in the study, 70.5% of whom were women. A two-factor model was found in the exploratory analysis with adequate validity indexes and good reliability. Discussion/Conclusion: A two-factor model of the SPAS presented good indicators of validity and reliability for young Brazilian adults.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this article is to compare differences in metacognitive beliefs between bipolar disorder type I depressed (BPD1) patients with Unipolar Depression (UPD) patients, and a control group; and to discuss the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and depression parameters. Methods: Sixty six consecutive outpatients with a diagnosis of depressed BPD1, 70 patients with UPD and 70 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Following assessment with the Sociodemographic Data Form, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales (HAM-A), Young Mania Evaluation Scale, and the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30). Results: UPD and BPD1 patients included in the study had higher scores in metacognitive beliefs other than positive beliefs compared with healthy controls (p<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the BPD1 and UPD groups (p>0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the HAM-A, HAM-D scores and MCQ-30 scores in UPD group (p<0.05) but not in BPD1 group (p>0.05). Discussion: The metacogitive structures of UPD and BPD1, may be helpful in identifying and choosing the right treatment modality. We think that our results may have implications for the metacognitive approaches in the treatment of BPD1.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Background: To scale up the services for first-episode schizophrenia in Thailand, it is essential to understand to what extent health care-seeking is delayed, and how much the delay affects the treatment outcome. Objectives: To investigate the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its impact on remission in first-episode schizophrenia across the country. Methods: 276 outpatients with a first-episode schizophrenia were followed for 6 months and assessed whether they fulfilled the criteria for remission at the follow-up. The proportion of those achieving remission was compared by the DUP. The impact of DUP on remission was estimated in multivariate analyses. Results: At the follow-up, 83% (71/86) of patients who had met the criteria for symptomatic remission at the baseline achieved enduring remission, whereas 63% (119/190) of patients who had not met the criteria for symptomatic remission at baseline met it at the follow-up. The shorter the DUP, the higher the proportion of those who achieved symptomatic or enduring remission at the follow-up. The impact of DUP on symptomatic remission appeared to be significant after controlling for other factors influencing remission. Conclusion: Since the DUP would influence remission of patients with schizophrenia, early detection and intervention services should be provided in Thailand.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: We sought to compare differences in cognitive function between patients with bipolar disorder type 1 (BPD-1) and healthy controls (HC) and to investigate the relationship between cognitive functions and functional areas of patients with BPD-1. Methods: This study included 93 euthymic patients with BPD-1 and 64 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. All participants completed a sociodemographic form; took the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) assessments; and underwent a neuropsychometric battery. Results pertaining to the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth revision Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Young Mania Rating Scale score, and Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire score were obtained for the patients; the HC group was investigated using the SCID nonpatient version. Results: All of the cognitive domain scores were significantly lower in the BPD-1group than in the HC group (p < 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the neurocognitive domains of attention, verbal memory, visual memory, and BPD-1 total functioning (p < 0.05). Discussion: Impairments in verbal memory, visual memory, and attention among euthymic patients with BPD-1 may cause impaired functionality.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Objective: Voluntary and automatic orienting of attention enable proper processing of environmental information. Few studies have assessed how this process varies during development in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: This study analyzed voluntary and automatic orienting in 30 children with ADHD and 30 age and sex matched controls (Control group-CG). Two experiments assessed voluntary and automatic orienting by recording reaction times (RT) to conditions in relation to temporal interval, spatial position, cue validity and age. The RT medians calculated for each condition and participant were analyzed using ANOVA to compare ADHD and CG. Results: Children with ADHD exhibited globally higher RT than the CG group. They also showed prejudices during the reorienting process and demonstrated adequate voluntary orienting for shorter intervals. In automatic task, there was no group interaction, expressing early facilitation, but not inhibition of return. Conclusion: These results identify correlations of ADHD and the children's age in relation to voluntary and automatic orienting of attention.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Background: Paternal postnatal depression (PPND) is widely overlooked despite being the most common mental health disorder among fathers in the postpartum period, and it affects all aspects of family life, particularly the relationship with the spouse and children. Objective: To determine the predictor factors of PPND. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 fathers of children aged six weeks to one-year referring to the healthcare centers. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean EPDS score was 6/54± 4.3, the mean age of the studied fathers was 35 ± 5.4, and 57.7% had experienced more than one pregnancy with their spouses. There was a significant relationship (P>0.05) between the education level and the EPDS score. According to linear regression, the most influential factors on EPDS score included satisfaction with life and general health, as well as an unwanted pregnancy amongst maternal fertility characteristics. Conclusion: Determining the predictor/related factors with paternal postnatal depression helped us to identify at-risk fathers promptly, to manage earlier, and to prevent the adverse effects of PPND on family health and relationship.

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ABSTRACT Background: Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by changes in eating behavior, whose aetiology is multifactorial with an emphasis on family relations, especially in the mother-daughter relationship Objective: To analyse the national and international scientific literature about the influence of mothers on the development of their daughter’s ED. Methods: Integrative review based on the search of publications from 2012 to 2019 through PubMed, LILACS and SciELO electronic databases. Results: It was found 181 articles, from which 26 were selected (21 in English, four in Portuguese and one in French) to comprise the research corpus. In addition, 155 were removed from the review due to the exclusion criteria, which included narrative review articles, theses, dissertations, monographs, editorial letters and responses to the editor. Discussion: The analyzed articles offer evidence that the type of influence exercised by the mother depends on her personality profile, the mother’s eating behaviour and body attitudes, the bond between mother and daughter and the type of communication that is established between the dyad. Conclusion: Health promotion actions in the population are necessary to prevent ED. In addition, interventions for families, and especially for mothers, are recommended, in order to favour more effective therapeutic and prognostic results.

Resumo em Inglês:

ABSTRACT Background: Apathy is an important neuropsychiatric symptom in alcohol-related cognitive impairment in general, and Korsakoff’s syndrome in specific. However, research in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome on the multifaceted nature of apathy is lacking. Objectives: Aim of the current study was to examine behavioral, cognitive and emotional apathy in alcoholic Korsakoff patients, also investigating the association with overall cognitive and executive dysfunction. Methods: We studied 43 patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (mean age 60.9, SD=6.5, range 38-70) using the Apathy Evaluation Scale - Informant Version (AES-I) and also administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) as a measure of daily executive problems. Results: In our sample, 76% of the Korsakoff patients were classified as being apathetic. AES-I scores correlated with overall cognitive function and were related to observer-rated daily executive problems. Discussion: Apathy is highly prevalent in Korsakoff patients and related to overall cognitive dysfunction and everyday executive problems. Our results stress the need to further examine underlying mechanisms of apathy in Korsakoff patients and the need for interventions aimed at reducing apathy.