Seed’s morpho-anatomy and post-seminal development of Bromeliaceae from tropical dry forest

Martelo-Solorzano, Adriana María; Lidueña-Pérez, Kesmy Isabel; Corredor-Prado, Jenny Paola

doi:10.1590/2175-7860202273050

Adriana María Martelo-Solorzano

Universidad de Sucre, Departamento de Biología y Química, Grupo de investigación Ecofisiología, Campus Puerta Roja, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-0660

Kesmy Isabel Lidueña-Pérez

Universidad de Sucre, Departamento de Biología y Química, Grupo de investigación Ecofisiología, Campus Puerta Roja, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-9635

Jenny Paola Corredor-Prado ⁵5Author for correspondence: jenny.corredor@unisucre.edu.co

Universidad de Sucre, Departamento de Biología y Química, Grupo de investigación Ecofisiología, Campus Puerta Roja, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-9740

5Author for correspondence: jenny.corredor@unisucre.edu.co

Area Editor: Dra. Simone Teixeira

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Geographic location of the study area, in the department of Sucre, Colombia (yellow collection points).

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Figure 2
Fruit, seed and post-seminal development morphology of Bromelia species. Scale bars: white = 10 mm; black = 1 mm.

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Figure 3
Fruit, seed and post-seminal development morphology of Tillandsia species. Scale bars: white = 5 mm; black = 1 mm.

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Figure 4
a-h. Longitudinal sections of seeds of Bromelia species under light microscopy – a. positive reaction to Ruthenium Red in B. karatas (pink stain). Seed coat and aleurone layer contain pectin-rich cell walls; b. positive reaction to Toluidine Blue O in B. karatas (greenish stain). Phenolic compounds in the seed coat; c. section of B. pinguin under Sudan III showing radially elongated cells in the testa; d. positive reaction to Coomassie Brilliant Blue (blue stain). Proteins in endosperm and aleurone layer of B. pinguin; e-f. general appearance of endosperm/embryo ratio – e. B. karatas; f. B. pinguin; g. positive reaction to Sudan III in B. karatas (orange stain). Lipids in aleurone layer and in endosperm cells that are close to the embryo; h. positive reaction to Lugol’s reagent (brown to black staining). Starch granules present in the endosperm and absent in the aleurone layer of B. pinguin. al = aleurone layer; en = endotegmen; em = embryo; ep = endosperm; ex = exotegmen; sc = seed coat; te = testa. Scale bars: a-d,g,h = 100 μm; e,f = 500 μm.

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Figure 5
a-o. Longitudinal sections of seeds of Tillandsia species under light microscopy – a. positive reaction to Ruthenium Red in T. flexuosa (pink stain). Seed coat and aleurone layer contain pectin-rich cell walls. Tangentially elongated cells in seed coat; b. positive reaction to Ferric Chloride solution in T. usneoides (brown to black staining). Phenolic compounds in the seed coat; c. section of T. juncea under Lugol’s reagent (brown to black indicate positive reaction). Starch granules present in the endosperm and absent in the aleurone layer; d-h. general appearance of endosperm/embryo ratio – d. T. usneoides; e. T. elongata; f. T. juncea; g. T. flexuosa; h. T. recurvata. Endosperm consumed and embryo occupying the entire seed interior; i. positive reaction to Coomassie Brilliant Blue in T. recurvata (blue stain). Proteins in endosperm and aleurone layer; j. positive reaction to Sudan III in T. flexuosa (orange stain). Lipid reserves in the aleurone layer and in embryo; k. positive reaction to Coomassie Brilliant Blue in T. recurvata embryo; l. general appearance of Tillandsia embryo. Constriction zone between the shoot and the root portion (arrow); m. section of T. recurvata under Toluidine Blue O. Detail of the constriction zone (arrow); n. positive reaction to Lugol’s reagent in T. recurvata embryo (brown to black staining); o. T. usneoides embryo under Periodic Acid-Schiff showing vascular bundles. al = aleurone layer; co = cotyledon; em = embryo; ep = endosperm; hy = hypocotyl; ro = root; te = testa; tg = tegmen; vb = vascular bundles. Scale bars: a-c,i-k,m-o = 50 μm; d-h,l = 500 μm.

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Figure 6
a-b. Germination of seed of seven bromeliads species – a. germinability (%); b. germination rate index (GR). Data are means ± SE. Different letters denote significant differences among species (Tukey’s test, P < 0.05).

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Table 1
Location, habitat and dimensions of fruits and seeds of seven species of Bromeliaceae from tropical dry forest in the department of Sucre, Colombia.

Genus	Specie	Location	Habit	Fruit length (mm)	Fruit width (mm)	No. Seeds	Seed width (mm)	Seed length (mm) +	Plumose appendages length (mm)	Ratio appendages /seed	Embryo/ endosperm (%) ++
Bromelia	B. karatas	Ovejas	Terrestrial	106.1 ± 1.8 *	16.4 ± 1.3 *	69.2 ± 11.7 ns	3.4 ± 0.1 *	4.0 ± 0.1 *	absent	absent	2/98
Bromelia	B. pingüin	Chalán	Terrestrial	40.4 ± 0.6 *	31.0 ± 0.4 *	65.2 ± 4.7 ns	3.2 ± 0.1 *	4.6 ± 0.1 *	absent	absent	3/97
Tillandsia	T. elongata	Colosó, Ovejas, San Onofre and Tolu viejo	Epiphyte	35.9 ± 1.2 c	2.8 ± 0.0 c	104.3 ± 1.7 c	0.4 ± 0.1 bc	3.5 ± 0.1 d	24.7 ± 0.7 b	7.2 ± 0.3 b	40/60
	T. flexuosa	Colosó, Chalán, Morroa, Ovejas, San Onofre and Tolu viejo	Epiphyte	75.0 ± 1.0 a	3.3 ± 0.0 b	113.9 ± 3.1 b	0.7 ± 0.0 a	4.9 ± 0.2 a	47.1 ± 0.7 a	9.9 ± 0.4 a	42/58
	T. juncea	Chalán and Ovejas	Epiphyte	39.4 ± 0.5 b	4.7 ± 0.1 a	143.9 ± 6.0 a	0.5 ± 0.0 b	4.3 ± 0.1 b	23.8 ± 0.4 b	5.5 ± 0.1 c	45/55
	T. recurvata	Colosó, Chalán and Morroa	Epiphyte	36.2 ± 1.0 c	1.8 ± 0.0 e	42.9 ± 1.0 d	0.3 ± 0.0 c	4.6 ± 0.1 a	23.5 ± 0.7 b	5.3 ± 0.3 c	100/0
	T. usneoides	Chalán and Tolu viejo	Epiphyte	24.0 ± 0.7 d	1.9 ± 0.1 d	18 ± 1.0 e	0.3 ± 0.0 c	3.9 ± 0.1 c	15.7 ± 0.7 c	4.1 ± 0.2 d	70/30

[1] 5Author for correspondence: jenny.corredor@unisucre.edu.co

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Seed’s morpho-anatomy and post-seminal development of Bromeliaceae from tropical dry forest

Abstract