Figure 1
Species richness analysis of Commelinaceae from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Figure 2
Number records of Commelinaceae from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Figure 3
Geographic distribution of Aneilema brasiliense, Callisia repens and Commelina benghalensis in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 4
a-b. Aneilema brasiliense – a. habit; b. front view of a bisexual flower. c-e. Callisia repens – c. habit; d. bisexual flower; e. detail of inflorescence. f. Floscopa glabrata – detail of inflorescence. g. Gibasis geniculate – habit. h-i. Siderasis medusoides – h. habit; i. front view of a bisexual flower. j-k. Siderasis albofasciata – j. habit; k. front view of a bisexual flower. l-n. Siderasis zorzanellii – l. adaxial side of the leaf-blade; m. detail of inflorescence; n. front view of a bisexual flower. (Photos: a-b, g. CN Fraga; c-f, h-i. MOO Pellegrini; j-k. P Fiaschi; l-n. JPL Zorzanelli).
Figure 5
a-d. Aneilema brasiliense – a. front view of a bisexual flower; b. immature capsule; c-d. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation; c. detail of lateral embryotega; d. details of the linear hilum. e-h. Callisia repens – e. bisexual flower; f. immature capsule; g-h. seed showing the foveolate ornamentation – g. detail of semilateral embryotega; h. details of the punctiform hilum. i-l. Commelina benghalensis – i. front view of a bisexual flower; j. immature capsule; k-l. seed showing the foveolate ornamentation; k. detail of lateral embryotega; l. details of the linear hilum. m. Commelina longicaulis – front view of a bisexual flower. n-p. Commelina erecta – n. immature capsule; o-p. seed showing the foveolate ornamentation – o. detail of lateral embryotega; p. details of the linear hilum. q-r. Dichorisandra penduliflora – q. front view of a bisexual flower; r. immature ellipsoid capsule. s-t. Dichorisandra procera – s. front view of a bisexual flower; t. immature globose capsule. Scale bars: a, e = 8 mm; b = 8.5 mm; c-d = 3 mm; f, k, l = 2 mm; g, h, o, p = 1.5 mm; i, q = 1.5 cm; j, n = 6 mm; m = 5 mm; r = 3 cm; s = 1.6 cm; t = 2.5 cm. (a-d. Moraes 146; e-h. Pellegrini 250; i-l. Moraes 156; m. Moraes 284; n-p. Moraes 157; q-r. Moraes et al. 238; s-t. Moraes et al. 306). Line drawings by J Freitas.
Figure 6
a-s. Commelina from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil – a. C. benghalensis – habit; b-c. C. diffusa – b. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; c. front view of a bisexual flower; d-f. C. erecta – d. detail of stem with leaf-sheaths auriculate; e. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; f. front view of a bisexual flower; g. C. longicaulis – detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; h-j. C. robusta – h. detail of leaf-sheaths; i. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; j. front view of a bisexual flower; k-o. C. rufipes – k. habit; l. detail of stem with trichomes rusty to rusty-brown; m. detail of basal bract spathaceous; n. front view of bisexual flower; o. capsules; p-s. C. scabrata – p. detail of leaf-sheaths; q. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; r. front view of bisexual flower; s. capsules. (Photos: a. CN Fraga; b-j, l, p-s. MOO Pellegrini; k, m. ME Engels; n. R Westerduijn; o. IM Coronado-González).
Figure 7
Geographic distribution of Commelina diffusa, C. erecta, C. longicaulis in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 8
Geographic distribution of Commelina robusta, C. rufipes, C. scabrata in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 9
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra acaulis, D. aonae, D. forzzae in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 10
a-s. Dichorisandra from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil – a-c. D. acaulis – a. habit; b. front view of bisexual flower; c. androecium and gynoecium; d-g. D. forzzae – d. habit; e. detail of the pink to brownish-mauve young leaves; f. front view of bisexual flower; g. androecium and gynoecium; h-i. D. glabrescens – h. habit; i. front view of a bisexual flower. j-k. D. hexandra – j. adaxial side of the leaf-blade; k. front view of a bisexual flower; l-n. D. incurva – l. habit; m. floral buds; n. front view of a bisexual flower; o-p. D. nutabilis – o. habit; p. detail of inflorescence; q-r. D. penduliflora – q. front view bisexual flower; r. detail of infructescence; s. D. paranaenses – habit. (Photos: a-g, j-k, q, s. MOO Pellegrini; h-i. CN Fraga; l. MS Wängler; m. L Menini Neto; n. GH Shimizu; o-p, r. QS Moraes).
Figure 11
a-j. Dichorisandra aonae sp. nov. – a. habit; b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the longitudinal silver stripes; c. abaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the vinaceous to purple color; d. detail of inflorescence; e. front view of a bisexual flower; f. androecium; g. gynoecium; h. capsule; i. seed showing the details of C-shaped hilum and semilateral embryotega. (Photos: QS Moraes).
Figure 12
a-g. Dichorisandra glandulosa sp. nov. – a. habit, showing spirally-arranged leaves and terminal inflorescence; b. detail of the leaf-blades with hirsute indumentum and trichomes glandular on both sides; c. inflorescence and front view of a bisexual flower; d. gynoecium; e. immature capsules; f-g. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation – f. detail of semilateral embryotega; g. details of C-shaped hilum; h-o. Dichorisandra aonae sp. nov. – h. habit, showing spirally arranged leaves, and terminal inflorescence; i-j. detail of the leaf-blades – i. hirsute indumentum and trichomes simple on both sides; j. silver longitudinal stripes on the upper leaf surface; k. inflorescence and front view of a bisexual flower; l. gynoecium; m. immature capsules; n-o. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation – n. detail of semilateral embryotega; o. details of C-shaped hilum. Scale bars: a = 7 cm; b = 2,5 cm; c = 1 cm; d = 3 mm; e = 1,2 cm; f, g = 4,5 mm; h = 10 cm; i = 1 cm; j = 1,5 cm; k = 1,8 cm; l = 3,5 mm; l = 1,3 cm; n, o = 6,5 mm. (a-g. Moraes 293; h-o. Moraes 239). Line drawings by J Freitas.
Figure 13
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra glabrescens, D. glandulosa, D. hexandra, D. incurva in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 14
a-h. Dichorisandra gladulosa sp. nov. – a. habit; b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the green to light green color; c. detail of the indumentum; d. detail of inflorescence; e. front view of a bisexual flower; f. gynoecium; g. capsule; h. seed showing the details of C-shaped hilum and semilateral embryotega. (Photos: QS Moraes).
Figure 15
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra nutabilis, D. paranaensis, D. penduliflora, D. procera in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 16
a-o. Dichorisandra from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil – a-c. D. procera – a. habit; b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the longitudinal silver stripes; c. front view of a bisexual flower. d-e. D. pubescens – d. habit; e. front view of a bisexual flower; f-j. D. striatula – f. habit; g. front view of bisexual flower; h. androecium; i. detail of the stamens; j. immature capsule. k-l. D. tejucensis – k. habit; l. front view of a bisexual flower. m-o. D. velutina – m. detail of inflorescence; o. immature capsule. (Photos a-b. MOO Pellegrini; c. F Torres; d-e. E Martins; f-j, m-o. QS Moraes; k-l. M Ribeiro).
Figure 17
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra pubescens, D. striatula, D. tejucensis, D. velutina in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 18
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra sp., Floscopa glabrata, Gibasis geniculata in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 19
a-d. Floscopa glabrata – a. front view of a bisexual flower; b. immature capsule; c-d. seed showing the costate ornamentation; c. detail of dorsal embryotega; d. details of the linear hilum. e-h. Gibasis geniculata – e. front view of a bisexual flower; f. immature capsule; g-h. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation – g. detail of dorsal embryotega; h. details of the linear hilum. i. Tradescantia fluminensis – front view of a bisexual flower. j. Tradescantia zebrina – front view of a bisexual flower. k-n. Tripogandra diuretica – k. front view of a bisexual flower; l. immature capsule; m-n. seed showing the scrobiculate to ribbed ornamentation; m. details of punctiform hilum; n. detail of dorsal embryotega. o-r. Tripogandra warmingiana – o. front view of a bisexual flower; p. immature capsule. q. details of dorsal embryotega. r. details of linear hilum. Scale bars: a = 4 mm; b, f = 3.5 mm; c, d = 1.75 mm; e = 5 mm; f = 3.75 mm; g, h = 3 mm; i = 6 mm; j = 6.5 mm; k = 12 mm; l = 4.5 mm; m, n, q and r = 2.5 mm; o = 8 mm; p = 4 mm. (a-d. Moraes 287; e-h. Moraes 147; i. Moraes 281; k-n. Carrijo 2268; o-p. Pellegrini 346). Line drawings by J Freitas.
Figure 20
Geographic distribution of Siderasis albofasciata, S. medusoides, S. zorzanellii in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 21
Geographic distribution of Tinantia erecta, Tripogandra diuretica and Tripogandra warmingiana in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 22
a. Tinantia erecta – habit. b-d. Tradescantia fluminensis – b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade; c. front view of flower; d. detail of the inflorescence. e-g. Tradescantia umbraculifera – e. habit; f. detail of the inflorescence; g. front view of a flower. h-j. Tradescantia zanonia – h. habit; i. front view of flower; j. detail of the inflorescence. k-l. Tradescantia zebrina – k. habit; l. front view of a flower. m. Tripogandra diuretica – front view of flower; n. Tripogandra warmingiana – front view of a flower. (Photos: a. MAN Coelho; b-c, f, i-n. MOO Pellegrini; e-g. H Medeiros; h. AP Macede).
Figure 23
Geographic distribution of Tradescantia fluminensis, T. umbraculifera, T. zanonia and T. zebrina in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 3
Geographic distribution of Aneilema brasiliense, Callisia repens and Commelina benghalensis in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 4
a-b. Aneilema brasiliense – a. habit; b. front view of a bisexual flower. c-e. Callisia repens – c. habit; d. bisexual flower; e. detail of inflorescence. f. Floscopa glabrata – detail of inflorescence. g. Gibasis geniculate – habit. h-i. Siderasis medusoides – h. habit; i. front view of a bisexual flower. j-k. Siderasis albofasciata – j. habit; k. front view of a bisexual flower. l-n. Siderasis zorzanellii – l. adaxial side of the leaf-blade; m. detail of inflorescence; n. front view of a bisexual flower. (Photos: a-b, g. CN Fraga; c-f, h-i. MOO Pellegrini; j-k. P Fiaschi; l-n. JPL Zorzanelli).
Figure 5
a-d. Aneilema brasiliense – a. front view of a bisexual flower; b. immature capsule; c-d. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation; c. detail of lateral embryotega; d. details of the linear hilum. e-h. Callisia repens – e. bisexual flower; f. immature capsule; g-h. seed showing the foveolate ornamentation – g. detail of semilateral embryotega; h. details of the punctiform hilum. i-l. Commelina benghalensis – i. front view of a bisexual flower; j. immature capsule; k-l. seed showing the foveolate ornamentation; k. detail of lateral embryotega; l. details of the linear hilum. m. Commelina longicaulis – front view of a bisexual flower. n-p. Commelina erecta – n. immature capsule; o-p. seed showing the foveolate ornamentation – o. detail of lateral embryotega; p. details of the linear hilum. q-r. Dichorisandra penduliflora – q. front view of a bisexual flower; r. immature ellipsoid capsule. s-t. Dichorisandra procera – s. front view of a bisexual flower; t. immature globose capsule. Scale bars: a, e = 8 mm; b = 8.5 mm; c-d = 3 mm; f, k, l = 2 mm; g, h, o, p = 1.5 mm; i, q = 1.5 cm; j, n = 6 mm; m = 5 mm; r = 3 cm; s = 1.6 cm; t = 2.5 cm. (a-d. Moraes 146; e-h. Pellegrini 250; i-l. Moraes 156; m. Moraes 284; n-p. Moraes 157; q-r. Moraes et al. 238; s-t. Moraes et al. 306). Line drawings by J Freitas.
Figure 6
a-s. Commelina from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil – a. C. benghalensis – habit; b-c. C. diffusa – b. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; c. front view of a bisexual flower; d-f. C. erecta – d. detail of stem with leaf-sheaths auriculate; e. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; f. front view of a bisexual flower; g. C. longicaulis – detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; h-j. C. robusta – h. detail of leaf-sheaths; i. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; j. front view of a bisexual flower; k-o. C. rufipes – k. habit; l. detail of stem with trichomes rusty to rusty-brown; m. detail of basal bract spathaceous; n. front view of bisexual flower; o. capsules; p-s. C. scabrata – p. detail of leaf-sheaths; q. detail of basal bract spathaceous and inflorescence; r. front view of bisexual flower; s. capsules. (Photos: a. CN Fraga; b-j, l, p-s. MOO Pellegrini; k, m. ME Engels; n. R Westerduijn; o. IM Coronado-González).
Figure 7
Geographic distribution of Commelina diffusa, C. erecta, C. longicaulis in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 8
Geographic distribution of Commelina robusta, C. rufipes, C. scabrata in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 9
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra acaulis, D. aonae, D. forzzae in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 10
a-s. Dichorisandra from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil – a-c. D. acaulis – a. habit; b. front view of bisexual flower; c. androecium and gynoecium; d-g. D. forzzae – d. habit; e. detail of the pink to brownish-mauve young leaves; f. front view of bisexual flower; g. androecium and gynoecium; h-i. D. glabrescens – h. habit; i. front view of a bisexual flower. j-k. D. hexandra – j. adaxial side of the leaf-blade; k. front view of a bisexual flower; l-n. D. incurva – l. habit; m. floral buds; n. front view of a bisexual flower; o-p. D. nutabilis – o. habit; p. detail of inflorescence; q-r. D. penduliflora – q. front view bisexual flower; r. detail of infructescence; s. D. paranaenses – habit. (Photos: a-g, j-k, q, s. MOO Pellegrini; h-i. CN Fraga; l. MS Wängler; m. L Menini Neto; n. GH Shimizu; o-p, r. QS Moraes).
Figure 11
a-j. Dichorisandra aonae sp. nov. – a. habit; b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the longitudinal silver stripes; c. abaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the vinaceous to purple color; d. detail of inflorescence; e. front view of a bisexual flower; f. androecium; g. gynoecium; h. capsule; i. seed showing the details of C-shaped hilum and semilateral embryotega. (Photos: QS Moraes).
Figure 12
a-g. Dichorisandra glandulosa sp. nov. – a. habit, showing spirally-arranged leaves and terminal inflorescence; b. detail of the leaf-blades with hirsute indumentum and trichomes glandular on both sides; c. inflorescence and front view of a bisexual flower; d. gynoecium; e. immature capsules; f-g. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation – f. detail of semilateral embryotega; g. details of C-shaped hilum; h-o. Dichorisandra aonae sp. nov. – h. habit, showing spirally arranged leaves, and terminal inflorescence; i-j. detail of the leaf-blades – i. hirsute indumentum and trichomes simple on both sides; j. silver longitudinal stripes on the upper leaf surface; k. inflorescence and front view of a bisexual flower; l. gynoecium; m. immature capsules; n-o. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation – n. detail of semilateral embryotega; o. details of C-shaped hilum. Scale bars: a = 7 cm; b = 2,5 cm; c = 1 cm; d = 3 mm; e = 1,2 cm; f, g = 4,5 mm; h = 10 cm; i = 1 cm; j = 1,5 cm; k = 1,8 cm; l = 3,5 mm; l = 1,3 cm; n, o = 6,5 mm. (a-g. Moraes 293; h-o. Moraes 239). Line drawings by J Freitas.
Figure 13
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra glabrescens, D. glandulosa, D. hexandra, D. incurva in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 14
a-h. Dichorisandra gladulosa sp. nov. – a. habit; b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the green to light green color; c. detail of the indumentum; d. detail of inflorescence; e. front view of a bisexual flower; f. gynoecium; g. capsule; h. seed showing the details of C-shaped hilum and semilateral embryotega. (Photos: QS Moraes).
Figure 15
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra nutabilis, D. paranaensis, D. penduliflora, D. procera in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 16
a-o. Dichorisandra from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil – a-c. D. procera – a. habit; b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade showing the longitudinal silver stripes; c. front view of a bisexual flower. d-e. D. pubescens – d. habit; e. front view of a bisexual flower; f-j. D. striatula – f. habit; g. front view of bisexual flower; h. androecium; i. detail of the stamens; j. immature capsule. k-l. D. tejucensis – k. habit; l. front view of a bisexual flower. m-o. D. velutina – m. detail of inflorescence; o. immature capsule. (Photos a-b. MOO Pellegrini; c. F Torres; d-e. E Martins; f-j, m-o. QS Moraes; k-l. M Ribeiro).
Figure 17
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra pubescens, D. striatula, D. tejucensis, D. velutina in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 18
Geographic distribution of Dichorisandra sp., Floscopa glabrata, Gibasis geniculata in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 19
a-d. Floscopa glabrata – a. front view of a bisexual flower; b. immature capsule; c-d. seed showing the costate ornamentation; c. detail of dorsal embryotega; d. details of the linear hilum. e-h. Gibasis geniculata – e. front view of a bisexual flower; f. immature capsule; g-h. seed showing the scrobiculate ornamentation – g. detail of dorsal embryotega; h. details of the linear hilum. i. Tradescantia fluminensis – front view of a bisexual flower. j. Tradescantia zebrina – front view of a bisexual flower. k-n. Tripogandra diuretica – k. front view of a bisexual flower; l. immature capsule; m-n. seed showing the scrobiculate to ribbed ornamentation; m. details of punctiform hilum; n. detail of dorsal embryotega. o-r. Tripogandra warmingiana – o. front view of a bisexual flower; p. immature capsule. q. details of dorsal embryotega. r. details of linear hilum. Scale bars: a = 4 mm; b, f = 3.5 mm; c, d = 1.75 mm; e = 5 mm; f = 3.75 mm; g, h = 3 mm; i = 6 mm; j = 6.5 mm; k = 12 mm; l = 4.5 mm; m, n, q and r = 2.5 mm; o = 8 mm; p = 4 mm. (a-d. Moraes 287; e-h. Moraes 147; i. Moraes 281; k-n. Carrijo 2268; o-p. Pellegrini 346). Line drawings by J Freitas.
Figure 20
Geographic distribution of Siderasis albofasciata, S. medusoides, S. zorzanellii in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 21
Geographic distribution of Tinantia erecta, Tripogandra diuretica and Tripogandra warmingiana in the state of Espírito Santo.
Figure 22
a. Tinantia erecta – habit. b-d. Tradescantia fluminensis – b. adaxial side of the leaf-blade; c. front view of flower; d. detail of the inflorescence. e-g. Tradescantia umbraculifera – e. habit; f. detail of the inflorescence; g. front view of a flower. h-j. Tradescantia zanonia – h. habit; i. front view of flower; j. detail of the inflorescence. k-l. Tradescantia zebrina – k. habit; l. front view of a flower. m. Tripogandra diuretica – front view of flower; n. Tripogandra warmingiana – front view of a flower. (Photos: a. MAN Coelho; b-c, f, i-n. MOO Pellegrini; e-g. H Medeiros; h. AP Macede).
Figure 23
Geographic distribution of Tradescantia fluminensis, T. umbraculifera, T. zanonia and T. zebrina in the state of Espírito Santo.
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