Foi estudada a dinâmica do crescimento dos caules aéreos de Paspalum vaginatum, uma gramínea de ampla distribuição. Com o objetivo de identificar características diferenciais quantitativas entre dois genótipos, as plantas foram cultivadas ao ar livre em vasos durante dois verões consecutivos. Os eixos de diferentes ramificações foram marcados para observação periódica para quantificar a taxa de produção de entrenós, taxa de crescimento do eixo principal, taxa de cobertura e esforço reprodutivo. Os genótipos diferiram significativamente nas seguintes características quantitativas: proporção de eixos plagiotrópicos vs. ortotrópicos, taxa de produção de entrenós, proporção de eixos reprodutivos vs. vegetativos, cobertura vegetal e distribuição espacial do canópia. O conhecimento dessas características pode ajudar a compreender a grande plasticidade e adaptabilidade desta espécie a múltiplas condições ambientais.

Palavras-chave:
alocação de meristemas; morfologia plasticidade arquitetura da planta; seashore paspalum

Autoria

Liliana Teresa Fabbri ⁵5 Author for correspondence: fabbri@agro.uba.ar

Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, CABA, Argentina.Universidad de Buenos AiresArgentinaCABA, ArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, CABA, Argentina.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-298X

Pedro Insausti

IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Universidad de Buenos AiresArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaIFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

William B. Batista

Gabriel H. Rua

Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Universidad de Buenos AiresArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

5 Author for correspondence: fabbri@agro.uba.ar

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras

Figuras (7)

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Figure 1
Aerial branching system of Paspalum vaginatum with axes of consecutive order (A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅) showing the placement of clumps (C) and flowering units (FU). (Redrawn from Fabbri et al. 2016bFabbri LT, Perreta MG & Rua GH (2016b) Spatial structure and development of Paspalum vaginatum (Poaceae): an architectural approach. Australian Journal of Botany 64: 153-159.).

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Figure 2
a. Plagiotropic axis with several orthotropic axillary branches. Arrows point to plastic cords used to trace axis growth. Scale bar = 1 cm. b. Definition of layers to estimate coverage frequency in a canopy of Paspalum vaginatum.

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Figure 3
Proportion of orthotropic versus total axillary A₄ branches (n = 16) at different times during two growing periods (gp₁ and gp₂). Vertical lines indicate maximum and minimum intervals for a binomial proportion.

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Figure 4
a. flowering shoot proportion over total axillary shoots produced along plagiotropic axes of different branching orders at the end of two growing periods (gp₁ and gp₂); b. proportion of apical flowering units (FU) over total aerial shoots at the end of two growing period (gp₁ and gp₂). Data for A₅ axes in the gp₁ are missing because they were accidentally broken. Stars show significant differences between genotypes (P ≤ 0.05, n = 4).

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Figure 5
Internodes in axes of different branching orders - a. average length of the proximal region, comprising 15 internodes on axes A₂ and A₃ and 10 internodes on axes A₄. Vertical bars indicate means and lines indicate SD; b. cumulative number of internodes produced over time of A₂ and A₃ shoots. The second growing period (gp₂) began two weeks later than the first one (gp₁) (P ≤ 0.05, n = 8).

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Figure 6
Vertical distribution of plant cover in two growing periods (gp₁ and gp₂) - Horizontal bars represent the percentage of hits within each canopy layer for each clone. The y-axis represents the layers corresponding to five intervals of above ground foliage height: 1 (0-1 cm), 2 (1-3 cm), 3 (3-7 cm), 4 (7-14 cm) and 5 (14-20 cm). Total number of sampling points per container: 30. Stars show significant differences between genotypes (P ≤ 0.05, n = 8 in gp₁, n = 4 in gp₂).

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Figure 7
a. total vegetative coverage. Bars represent the average number of hits through the whole canopy. Total number of sampling points per container: 30. Vertical bars represent means and lines indicate the SD; b. reproductive coverage. Bars represent the percentage of hits on flowering units (FU) over the total number of hits. Number of sampling points per container: 30; c. clump production. Bars represent the percentage of clump-forming shoots over the total number of axillary shoots. Stars show significant differences between genotypes (P ≤ 0.05, n = 8 in gp₁, n = 4 in gp₂).

Figure 1 Aerial branching system of Paspalum vaginatum with axes of consecutive order (A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅) showing the placement of clumps (C) and flowering units (FU). (Redrawn from **Fabbri et al. 2016b**Fabbri LT, Perreta MG & Rua GH (2016b) Spatial structure and development of Paspalum vaginatum (Poaceae): an architectural approach. Australian Journal of Botany 64: 153-159.).

Figure 2 a. Plagiotropic axis with several orthotropic axillary branches. Arrows point to plastic cords used to trace axis growth. Scale bar = 1 cm. b. Definition of layers to estimate coverage frequency in a canopy of Paspalum vaginatum.

Figure 3 Proportion of orthotropic versus total axillary A₄ branches (n = 16) at different times during two growing periods (gp₁ and gp₂). Vertical lines indicate maximum and minimum intervals for a binomial proportion.

Figure 4 a. flowering shoot proportion over total axillary shoots produced along plagiotropic axes of different branching orders at the end of two growing periods (gp₁ and gp₂); b. proportion of apical flowering units (FU) over total aerial shoots at the end of two growing period (gp₁ and gp₂). Data for A₅ axes in the gp₁ are missing because they were accidentally broken. Stars show significant differences between genotypes (P ≤ 0.05, n = 4).

Figure 5 Internodes in axes of different branching orders - a. average length of the proximal region, comprising 15 internodes on axes A₂ and A₃ and 10 internodes on axes A₄. Vertical bars indicate means and lines indicate SD; b. cumulative number of internodes produced over time of A₂ and A₃ shoots. The second growing period (gp₂) began two weeks later than the first one (gp₁) (P ≤ 0.05, n = 8).

Figure 6 Vertical distribution of plant cover in two growing periods (gp₁ and gp₂) - Horizontal bars represent the percentage of hits within each canopy layer for each clone. The y-axis represents the layers corresponding to five intervals of above ground foliage height: 1 (0-1 cm), 2 (1-3 cm), 3 (3-7 cm), 4 (7-14 cm) and 5 (14-20 cm). Total number of sampling points per container: 30. Stars show significant differences between genotypes (P ≤ 0.05, n = 8 in gp₁, n = 4 in gp₂).

Figure 7 a. total vegetative coverage. Bars represent the average number of hits through the whole canopy. Total number of sampling points per container: 30. Vertical bars represent means and lines indicate the SD; b. reproductive coverage. Bars represent the percentage of hits on flowering units (FU) over the total number of hits. Number of sampling points per container: 30; c. clump production. Bars represent the percentage of clump-forming shoots over the total number of axillary shoots. Stars show significant differences between genotypes (P ≤ 0.05, n = 8 in gp₁, n = 4 in gp₂).

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[1] 5 Author for correspondence: fabbri@agro.uba.ar