Obesity, a disease of the Noncommunicable Disease Group, is the excess of body fat accumulated to an extent that health may be adversely affected. The etiology of obesity is a multifarious process that involves environmental and genetic factors. Nowadays, obesity is a world-wide public health problem showing an increased prevalence in developing countries, as well as in developed ones. The nutritional transition is a process of sequential changes in the nutrition and consumption patterns, that follows economic, social and demographic changes, and changes in the health profile of populations. In this new profile, the urbanization led to a change in behavior patterns of eating, and a decrease in the populations physical activity, both becoming important trends nowadays. The increase of obesity prevalence in Brazil is considerable and proportionally higher in low-income families. The nutritional epidemiological picture of Brazil shows a situation that chaims for public health strategies, able to solve the malnutrition and obesity trends in the same attention-model in health, and to mediate the consequences and connections of economic policies within the populations, process of disease and death. The aim of the present literature revision is to emphasize the epidemiological aspects of adults overweight and obesity as a considerable problem of public health.
noncommunicable chronic disease; obesity; epidemiology; nutritional transition; attention-models in health