Excessive abdominal adiposity and body fat are associated with lower serum vitamin D levels: A population-based study

SEGHETO, Kátia Josiany; SILVA, Danielle Cristina Guimarães da; FERREIRA, Fabrícia Geralda; CARVALHO, Mariana Rinaldi; LONGO, Giana Zarbato

doi:10.1590/1678-98652018000600002

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev Nutr 31 (6) • Nov-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000600002 copy

Excessive abdominal adiposity and body fat are associated with lower serum vitamin D levels: A population-based study

Excesso de adiposidade abdominal e de gordura corporal se associa à menor concentração sérica de vitamina D: um estudo de base populacional

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and to analyze factors associated with lower serum vitamin levels in Brazilian adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional, population-based study consisted of 626 adult individuals of both sexes living in the urban area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. The dependent variable used was the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the independent variables were sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition variables. The associations among the variables were verified using simple and multiple linear regression models, considering alpha lower than 0.05 for the input in the final model.

Results

The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was 14.4% and the prevalence was 42.0%. Excess abdominal fat was higher in subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D sufficiency. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 30.34±9.85ng/ml. Body adiposity was higher in men with vitamin insufficiency. Negative associations were observed between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age, educational level, body adiposity (p=0.028) and abdominal adiposity (p=0.023).

Conclusion

Our results showed that excess body and abdominal adiposity are strong predictors of alterations in the serum vitamin D levels, thus public policies for prevention and treatment in this population are essential.

Keywords
Adiposity; Adult; Nutritional Epidemiology; Vitamin D

Variables	Frequency (%)
Sex
Men	43.79
Women	56.21
Age (years)
20–29	39.23
30–39	22.68
40–49	17.69
50–59	20.40
Educational level (years)
0–4	9.70
5–8	15.98
9–11	22.25
≥12	52.07
Skin color
White	41.30
Non-white	58.70
Excess abdominal adiposity
No	44.08
Yes	55.92
Excess body fat
No	56.57
Yes	43.43

Variables	Mean 25(OH)D levels (ng/ml)			p
Variables	Mean	±	SD	p
Sex
Men	31.71	±	09.75	<0.001^* * p<0.05.
Women	29.14	±	09.70	<0.001^* * p<0.05.
Age (years)
20-29	32.56	±	10.50	<0.001^* * p<0.05.
30-39	30.48	±	10.00
40-49	27.90	±	09.00
50-59	27.90	±	07.80
Educational level (years)
0-4	29.78	±	09.40	0.637
5-8	30.24	±	09.60
9-12	29.51	±	08.30
≥13	30.72	±	10.50
Skin color
White	30.96	±	09.67	0.155
Non-white	29.83	±	09.88	0.155
Season
Winter	25.39	±	07.40	<0.001^* * p<0.05.
Autumn	30.48	±	09.50
Spring	30.18	±	10.50
Summer	31.89	±	10.00
Excess abdominal adiposity
No	32.62	±	10.81	<0.001^* * p<0.05.
Yes	28.35	±	08.45	<0.001^* * p<0.05.
Excess body fat
No	32.22	±	10.26	<0.001^* * p<0.05.
Yes	27.95	±	08.54	<0.001^* * p<0.05.

Variables	β	CI (95%)	p	ßAj	CI (95%)	p
Sex
Men	Reference		0.001
Women	-2.65	-4.19 ; -1.11	0.001
Age (years)
20-29	Reference		<0.001	Reference		<0.001^* * p-value: Multiple linear regression at a significance of p<0.05.
30-39	-2.07	-4.07 ; -0.07		-1.99	-4.07 ; 0.77
40-49	-4.51	-6.72 ; -2.29		-3.96	-5.58 ; -1.05
50-59	-4.72	-6.76 ; -2.68		-3.87	-5.31 ; -1.02
Educational level (years)
0-4	Reference		0.190	Reference		0.016^* * p-value: Multiple linear regression at a significance of p<0.05.
5-8	0.45	-2.67 ; 3.58		0.68	-2.39 ; 3.75
9-11	-2.74	-3.25 ; 2.70		-2.16	-5.13 ; 0.81
≥12	-1.05	-1.65 ; 3.75		-2.58	-5.46 ; 0.29
Skin color
White	Reference		0.155
Non-white	-1.12	-2.67 ; 0.42	0.155
Season (year)
Winter	Reference		<0.001	Reference		<0.001^* * p-value: Multiple linear regression at a significance of p<0.05.
Autumn	-5.08	2.54 ; 7.62		3.89	1.36; 6.42
Spring	-4.79	2.16; 7.42		3.97	1.35; 6.58
Summer	-6.50	4.13; 8.87		5.32	2.93; 7.70
Excess abdominal adiposity
No	Reference		<0.001	Reference		0.023^* * p-value: Multiple linear regression at a significance of p<0.05.
Yes	-4.34	-5.86 ; -2.82	<0.001	-2.20	-4.11 ; -0.30
Excess body fat
No	Reference		<0.001	Reference		0.028^* * p-value: Multiple linear regression at a significance of p<0.05.
Yes	-4.43	-5.96 ; -2.89	<0.001	-2.12	-4.01 ; -0.22

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: KJ SEGHETO. E-mail: >kaseghetto@gmail.com<