Prevalence of prediabetes in adults and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional, metabolic and mental disorders factors: Home Health Survey, <i>Piauí</i>, Brazil.

LIMA, Carlos Henrique Ribeiro; DA PAZ, Suzana Maria Rebêlo Sampaio; LAVÔR, Layanne Cristina de Carvalho; FROTA, Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves; PAIVA, Adriana de Azevedo

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202235e220046

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ORIGINAL • Rev Nutr 35 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202235e220046 copy

Prevalence of prediabetes in adults and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional, metabolic and mental disorders factors: Home Health Survey, Piauí, Brazil.

Prevalência de pré-diabetes em adultos e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, nutricionais, metabólicos e transtornos mentais: Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar, Piauí, Brasil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To estimate prevalence of prediabetes and to investigate its associated factors in adults living in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Methods

Cross-sectional, home-based study, with both genders adults in Teresina, Piauí. The prevalence of prediabetes was estimated using the fasting glucose test, and was classified according to the American Diabetes Association standards (≥100mg/dL; <126mg/dL). The associations between prediabetes and the variables: sociodemographic, anthropometric, food consumption, blood pressure levels, triglycerides and common mental disorders were tested. In addition, a variable was created to verify the association of the simultaneous presence of risk factors in the same individual. Data were reviewed using Pearson’s chi-square test and Poisson regression for crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, considering a significance level of 5%.

Results

A total of 224 adults participated in the study, of which 154 (68.7%) were female, aged between 20 and 39 years (53.1%). An 8.04% prevalence of prediabetes was observed. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between lower education (0 to 8 years of study; 17.3%) and increased triglycerides levels (≥150mg/dL; 13.7%). Higher gross prevalence (PR: 2.53; CI 95%: 1.05-6.05) prediabetes ratios were observed with 5 or more simultaneous risk factors when compared to individuals who had up to 4 simultaneous risk factors.

Conclusion

Low schooling, hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of five or more simultaneous risk factors were associated with prediabetes; however, these risk factors are subject to intervention. Therefore, this study points to the need for changes in lifestyle habits as a strategy for glycemic control and diabetes prevention.

Keywords
Adult; Prediabetic state; Risk factors

Number of risk factors^* * Altered Body Mass Index, increased waist circumference, increased triglycerides levels, low consumption of vegetables, low consumption of fruits, increased blood pressure, presence of common mental disorders.	n
Total	224	100
0	6	02.7
1	22	09.8
2	37	16.5
3	49	21.9
4	65	29.0
5	24	10.7
6	15	06.7
7	6	02.7

Variables		Total		Prediabetes				p-value^* * Chi-square test.
		n	%	Yes		No
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Total		224	100	18	8.04	206	91.96
Gender								0.214
	Male	70	31.3	8	11.4	62	88.6
	Female	154	68.7	10	06.5	144	93.5
Age group								0.058
	20-39	119	53.1	4	03.4	105	96.6
	40-59	105	46.9	14	13.3	91	86.7
Years of study								0.004
	>8	149	66.5	5	03.3	144	96.7
	0 a 8	75	33.5	13	17.3	62	82.7
Race/skin color								0.100
	White	27	12.1	5	18.5	22	81.5
	Black	39	17.4	1	02.6	38	97.4
	Brown /Other	158	70.5	12	07.6	121	92.4
Marital status								0.277
	With partner	126	56.2	12	09.5	114	90.5
	Without partner	98	43.8	6	06.1	92	93.9
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)								0.105
	Thinness/eutrophy	84	37.5	4	04.8	80	95.2
	Overweight	80	35.7	6	07.5	74	92.5
	Obesity	60	26.8	8	13.3	52	86.7
Waist circumference (cm)								0.735
	Normal	147	65.6	11	07.5	136	92.5
	High	77	34.4	7	09.1	70	90.9
Triglycerides (mg/dL)								0.006
	Normal	122	54.5	4	03.3	118	96.7
	Increased	102	45.5	14	13.7	88	86.3
Blood pressure levels (mm/Hg)								0.864
	Normal	153	68.6	12	07.8	141	92.2
	Increased	70	31.4	6	08.6	64	91.4
Consumption of vegetables								0.375
	Regular	28	12.5	1	03.6	27	94.8
	Low	196	87.5	17	08.7	179	91.6
Consumption of fruits								0.566
	Regular	87	38.8	8	09.2	79	85.7
	Low	137	61.2	10	07.3	127	90.9
Common Mental Disorders								0.595
	Without	162	72.3	12	07.4	150	92.6
	With	62	27.7	6	09.7	56	90.3

Variables		Prev. (%)	_grossPR	CI (95%)	p-value	_adjust.PR	CI (95%)	p-value
Total		8.04
Years of study
	>8	3.30	1	-	-	1	-	-
	0 to 8	17.30	5.17	(1.53-17.33)	0.010	4.25	(1.09-16.55)	0.038
Race/color
	White	18.50	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Black	2.70	0.13	(0.25-0.76)	0.025	0.11	(0.02-0.73)	0.024
	Brown/Other	7.60	0.41	(0.13-1.28)	0.121	0.37	(0.12-1.10)	0.074
Marital status
	With partner	9.50	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Without partner	6.10	0.64	(0.28-1.46)	0.281	0.85	(0.36-1.97)	0.693
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)
	Thinness/eutrophy	4.80	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Overweight	7.50	1.58	(0.53-4.71)	0.403	1.55	(0.52-4.67)	0.421
	Obesity	13.30	2.8	(0.93-8.41)	0.065	2.37	(0.91-6.18)	0.076
Waist circumference (cm)
	Normal	7.50	1	-	-	1	-	-
	High	9.10	1.21	(0.38-3.93)	0.736	1.09	(0.39-3.04)	0.864
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
	Normal	3.30	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Increased	13.70	4.19	(1.41-12.45)	0.012	4.45	(1.58-12.54)	0.006
Blood pressure levels (mmHg)
	Normal	7.80	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Increased	8.60	1.09	(0.38-3.15)	0.865	1.30	(0.42-4.02)	0.636
Consumption of vegetables
	Regular	3.60	1	-		1	-	-
	Low	8.70	2.42	(0.29-20.55)	0.401	2.19	(0.24-19.77)	0.470
Consumption of fruits
	Regular	9.20	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Low	7.30	0.79	(0.35-1.80)	0.568	0.76	(0.35-1.72)	0.507
Common Mental Disorder
	Without	7.40	1	-	-	1	-	-
	With	9.70	1.30	(0.47-3.62)	0.595	1.43	(0.42-4.91)	0.550

Variables^* * Altered Body Mass Index, increased waist circumference, increased triglycerides level, low consumption of vegetables, low consumption of fruits, increased blood pressure, presence of common mental disorders. Prev: Prevalence, grossPR: Gross Prevalence Ratio, adjust.PR: PR adjusted by bivariate analysis (gender and age).	Prev. (%)	_grossPR	CI (95%)	p-value	_adjust.PR	CI (95%)	p-value
Up to 4 factors	06.15	1	-	-	1	-	-
5 or more factors	15.56	2.53	(1.05-6.05)	0.038	2.33	(0.98-5.55)	0.05

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[1] Correspondence to: AA PAIVA. E-mail: aapaiva@ufpi.edu.br.