Effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training in the outskirts: A mixed study

Kolchraiber, Flávia Cristiane; Tanaka, Luiza Hiromi; Negi, Lobsang Tenzin; Atanes, Ana Cristina; Souza, Káren Mendes Jorge de

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.5691.3531

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 30 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.5691.3531 copy

Effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training in the outskirts: A mixed study ^* * Paper extracted from doctoral dissertation “Compassion meditation and underserved population: possible combinations for individual and social well-being”, presented to Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to analyze the effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT®) among people in situations of social vulnerability.

Method:

a mixed, sequential and transformative study with the same QUAL→QUAN weight. Focus Groups were applied at the beginning (n=24) and three months (n=11) after CBCT®, to understand the participants’ knowledge about emotions, (self)care and stress situations. Content analysis was performed in the WebQDA software. The participants (n=65) were randomized into control (n=31) and intervention (n=34) to assess self-compassion, perceived stress, and positive and negative affects at three time moments. The mixed factorial ANOVA analysis considered within-participants (time) and between-participants (place and group) factors.

Results:

mean age (37), female gender (88%), single (51%) and black-skinned people (77%). The following thematic categories emerged before the course: “Reducing others’ suffering as a bridge to conscious self-care” and “Social vulnerability as a potentiator of low emotional literacy”. Subsequently, self-compassion and awareness of the mental states for social activism. The quantitative analysis showed a significant increase in self-compassion within-participants (p=0.003); group factor (p<0.001); perceived stress reduction (p=0.013); negative affects group factor (p=0.005); and increase in positive affects (p<0.001) within-participants.

Conclusion:

CBCT®️ exerted a positive effect on individual well-being and a positive impact on community engagement to promote social well-being in the outskirts. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3w744z.) in April 2019.

Descriptors:
Empathy; Meditation; Social Vulnerability; Complementary Therapies; Health Promotion; Community Participation

Variable	Category	n	Percentage/Frequency
Gender	Male	8	12%
Gender	Female	48	88%
Locus	CSO	24	52%
Locus	Community	32	48%
Ethnicity	White	10	20%
	Brown	26	43%
	Black	18	34%
	Asian	2	3%
	Indigenous	0	0
Marital status	Stable union	10	17%
	Single	32	51%
	Married	12	25%
	Divorced	1	6%
	Widowed	1	1%
Children	0	17	29.2%
	1	17	23.1%
	2	6	15.4%
	3	8	12.3%
	4	2	6.2%
	5 or more	9	14%
Schooling	Complete HS	20	38%
	Incomplete HS	4	8%
	Complete ES	4	6%
	Incomplete ES	9	14%
	Never attended school	3	5%
	Complete HE	6	11%
	Incomplete HE	10	18%
Job	PF temporary contract	3	4%
	Entrepreneur/Legal Entity	7	11%
	I don’t have	27	45%
	Formal contract	10	20%
	No formal contract	9	20%
Family income	Less than 1 minimum wage	6	12%
	1 minimum wage	22	38.5%
	2 minimum wages	15	28%
	3 minimum wages	4	6%
	More than 3 minimum wages	9	1.5%
	No income	9	14%

Variable	Subgroup	M^\|\|	SD^¶	Shapiro-Wilk sig.	Asymmetry (EP)	Kurtosis (EP)
*SC T1	CSO	3.08	0.70	0.65	-0.28 (0.44)	-0.11 (0.86)
	Community	2.90	0.59	0.74	-0.24 (0.46)	-0.52 (0.89)
	Intervention	2.91	0.71	0.74	-0.10 (0.42)	-0.52 (0.82)
	Control	3.10	0.56	0.69	-0.06 (0.48)	0.06 (0.94)
*SC T2	CSO	3.51	0.55	0.57	-0.04 (0.44)	-0.57 (0.86)
	Community	3.15	0.49	0.39	-0.41 (0.46)	0.37 (0.89)
	Intervention	3.52	0.51	0.89	0.12 (0.42)	-0.51 (0.82)
	Control	3.09	0.50	0.87	-0.37 (0.48)	-0.23 (0.94)
*SC T3	CSO	3.43	0.53	0.25	-0.01 (0.44)	-0.79 (0.86)
	Community	3.10	0.60	0.94	-0.13 (0.46)	-0.20 (0.89)
	Intervention	3.46	0.54	0.21	0.04 (0.42)	-0.80 (0.82)
	Control	3.02	0.56	0.47	-0.34 (0.48)	-0.56 (0.94)
PSS T1^†	CSO	21.93	7.21	0.65	0.21 (0.44)	-0.65 (0.86)
	Community	23.50	6.63	0.66	0.33 (0.46)	-0.48 (0.89)
	Intervention	23.48	7.06	0.54	-0.04 (0.42)	-0.83 (0.82)
	Control	21.61	6.71	0.65	0.61 (0.48)	0.40 (0.94)
PSS T2^†	CSO	18.93	1.08	0.37	0.44 (0.44)	-0.54 (0.86)
	Community	19.62	4.55	0.53	-0.17 (0.46)	-0.07 (0.89)
	Intervention	18.97	5.34	0.18	0.52 (0.42)	-0.08 (0.82)
	Control	19.65	4.98	0.65	-0.31 (0.48)	-0.62 (0.94)
PSS T3^†	CSO	20.39	6.26	0.39	0.47 (0.44)	-0.08 (0.86)
	Community	21.46	1.09	0.90	-0.19 (0.46)	0.34 (0.89)
	Intervention	19.84	6.27	0.46	0.41 (0.42)	0.23 (0.82)
	Control	22.35	5.16	0.82	0.06 (0.48)	-0.44 (0.94)
NA T1^‡	CSO	2.48	0.79	0.51	0.21 (0.44)	-0.74 (0.86)
	Community	2.63	0.84	0.46	0.17 (0.46)	-0.67 (0.89)
	Intervention	2.74	0.84	0.33	-0.10 (-.42)	-0.77 (0.82)
	Control	2.31	0.71	0.34	0.54 (0.48)	0.05 (0.94)
NA T2^‡	CSO	2.11	0.70	0.002	0.87 (0.44)	-0.53 (0.86)
	Community	2.10	0.66	0.22	0.81 (0.46)	1.00 (0.89)
	Intervention	2.01	0.71	0.0004	1.26 (0.42)	0.67 (0.82)
	Control	2.22	0.61	0.84	0.25 (0.48)	0.02 (0.94)
NA T3^‡	CSO	2.43	0.67	0.68	-0.003 (0.44)	-0.92 (0.86)
	Community	2.32	0.90	0.30	0.63 (0.46)	0.23 (0.89)
	Intervention	2.45	0.85	0.47	0.35 (0.42)	-0.26 (0.82)
	Control	2.28	0.64	0.63	0.05 (0.48)	-0.77 (0.94)
PA T1^§	CSO	3.15	0.80	0.12	-0.59 (0.44)	0.26 (0.86)
	Community	3.00	0.76	0.01	-0.83 (0.46)	-0.40 (0.89)
	Intervention	3.14	0.85	0.01	-0.65 (0.42)	-0.22 (0.82)
	Control	3.00	0.68	0.07	-0.90 (0.48)	0.36 (0.94)
PA T2^§	CSO	2.74	0.56	0.24	-0.02 (0.44)	-0.69 (0.86)
	Community	2.64	0.64	0.68	-0.31 (0.46)	-0.01 (0.89)
	Intervention	2.85	0.61	0.45	-0.15 (0.42)	-0.78 (0.82)
	Control	2.49	0.53	0.07	-0.81 (0.48)	-0.02 (0.94)
PA T3^§	CSO	3.44	0.69	0.51	0.00 (0.44)	-0.03 (0.86)
	Community	3.18	0.76	0.26	-0.61 (0.46)	0.41 (0.89)
	Intervention	3.46	0.79	0.32	-0.55 (0.42)	0.54 (0.82)
	Control	3.11	0.59	0.14	-0.76 (0.48)	0.09 (0.94)

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[1] Corresponding author:
Flávia Cristiane Kolchraiber. E-mail: flacrik@gmail.com