Prevalence of trachoma in Pernambuco State, Brazil (2014-2015)

Brito, Cintia Michele Gondim de; Medeiros, Zulma Maria de; Barbosa, Celivane Cavalcanti; Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos; Ferraz, Cristiano; Vieira, Marcel de Toledo; Lopes, Maria de Fátima Costa; Gouveia, Giselle Campozana

doi:10.1590/S1678-9946202163029

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo 63 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202163029 copy

Prevalence of trachoma in Pernambuco State, Brazil (2014-2015)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

To estimate the prevalence of cases of trachoma in the population at social risk aged 1-9 years in Pernambuco State and its mesoregions. This was a cross-sectional study in which secondary data from the National Household Survey on Trachoma (2014-2015) were analyzed. The study covered 96 census tracts distributed across the mesoregions of Pernambuco State (Metropolitan Region of Recife, Zona da Mata, Agreste, Sertao do Sao Francisco and Sertao Pernambucano). The study included all homes with children aged 1-9 years, and all of them were examined for trachoma, using the WHO criteria. Among the total of 7,423 children aged 1-9 years who participated in this survey, 446 presented with active trachoma. Thus, the prevalence of trachoma in Pernambuco State, in children between 1-9 years old was 6.65%, and it was higher among children aged 5-9 years (7.12%) and among girls (7.23%). This result was seen in the majority of the mesoregions studied, except in the Zona da Mata and Sertao do Sao Francisco, where there were higher prevalences in the age group of 1-4 years (5.55%) and among boys (5.90%). A tendency towards a higher prevalence between 1 and 6 years of age was observed. The follicular trachoma continues to be an important public health problem in Pernambuco State. It particularly affects poor people, including those living in urban areas of the State.

Follicular trachoma; Chlamydia trachomatis; Prevalence; Prevention and control; Epidemiological surveillance

Locality	Number of examined	Number of cases	Prevalence (%)	CI^c (95%)
Pernambuco State ^a	7,423	446	6.65	5.39 – 8.17
Mesoregions ^b
RMR	1,535	101	6.41	5.02 – 8.15
Zona da Mata	1,322	63	4.88	3.45 – 6.86
Agreste	1,655	148	8.87	6.70 – 11.65
Sertao do Sao Francisco	1,361	77	5.28	2.71 – 10.04
Sertao Pernambucano	1,550	57	3.83	2.73 – 5.36

Locality	Number of examined	Number of cases	Prevalence (%)	CI^c (95%)
Pernambuco State ^a
Age Group
From 1 to 4 years	2,922	155	5.87	4.77 – 7.23
From 5 to 9 years	4,501	291	7.12	5.57 – 9.07
Gender
Male	3,849	208	6.12	4.69 – 7.96
Female	3,574	238	7.23	5.74 – 9.04
Mesoregions ^b
RMR
Age Group
From 1 to 4 years	633	37	5.38	3.57 – 8.02
From 5 to 9 years	902	64	7.11	5.45 – 9.22
Gender
Male	793	45	5.96	4.20 – 8.41
Female	742	56	6.91	4.63 – 10.2
Zona da Mata
Age Group
From 1 to 4 years	523	28	5.55	3.86 – 7.91
From 5 to 9 years	799	35	4.44	2.88 – 6.77
Gender
Male	690	26	3.89	2.72 – 5.53
Female	632	37	5.96	3.80 – 9.22
Agreste
Age Group
From 1 to 4 years	601	47	8.11	6.31 – 10.4
From 5 to 9 years	1,054	101	9.31	6.50 – 13.2
Gender
Male	834	68	8.46	5.95 – 11.9
Female	821	80	9.30	6.59 – 13.0
Sertao do Sao Francisco
Age Group
From 1 to 4 years	570	25	3.72	1.70 – 7.91
From 5 to 9 years	791	52	6.45	3.29 – 12.2
Gender
Male	691	43	5.90	2.61 – 12.8
Female	670	34	4.65	2.60 – 8.19
Sertao Pernambucano
Age Group
From 1 to 4 years	595	18	2.69	1.63 – 4.38
From 5 to 9 years	955	39	4.54	3.17 – 6.47
Gender
Male	841	26	3.24	1.96 – 5.31
Female	709	31	4.57	3.12 – 6.63

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E-mail: revimtsp@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence to: Cintia Michele Gondim de Brito Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, CEP 50100-130, Recife, PE, Brazil E-mail:cintiabrito.lima@gmail.com