Anatomical evaluation of the medial lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study

CARVALHO, Márcia Ingrid de; AMARAL, Tânia Mara Pimenta; BRASILEIRO, Cláudia Borges; ABREU, Lucas Guimarães; ABDO, Evandro Neves

doi:10.1590/1981-86372022004020210050

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL • Rev Gaúch. Odontol. 70 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-86372022004020210050 copy

Anatomical evaluation of the medial lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study

Avaliação anatômica do forame lingual medial usando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico: um estudo retrospectivo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate the frequency of medial lingual foramina present in the cortex of the mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:

A total of 953 CBTC exams of the mandible were evaluated to determine the presence of canals in the mandibular midline, canal location in relation to the mental spine, canal diameter, distance to the base and alveolar crest of the mandible, trajectory of the canal, and coincidence measurements of the panoramic image containing the location of the canal in relation to the mental spine.

Results:

Foramina were located in three positions: above the mental spine (FSS) 89.2%, below the mental spine (FIS) 67.9%, and other positions (FOP) 21.3%. Non-edentulous individuals had a significantly higher number of FSS than did edentulous individuals (P<0.001). Male individuals presented a significantly greater distance from the FSS (P=0.001), FIS (P=0.045) and FOP (p=0.002) to the base of the mandible than female individuals. Younger individuals presented a significantly higher distance from the FSS (P=0.001) and FIS (P=0.001) to the alveolar crest of the mandible. Male individuals had a significantly greater FIS (P=0.002) and FOP (P=0.001) diameter than female individuals. Male individuals had a significantly higher number of bifurcations in FOP than female individuals (P=0.017).

Conclusion:

CBCT supplies the provider with a detailed assessment of the foramina and canals, which improves the quality of surgical planning and mitigates the chances of surgical intercurrences.

Indexing terms
Accessory foramen; cone-beam computed tomography; lingual foramen; anatomy; mandible

MLF	Present n (%)	Absent n (%)	Not viewed^ There was doubt about the presence of the canal. n (%)	Sex		^* * Pearson’s chi-square test, significant at p<0.05. p value	Teeth present		^* * Pearson’s chi-square test, significant at p<0.05. p value
MLF	Present n (%)	Absent n (%)		M n (%)	F n (%)		No n (%)	Yes n (%)
FSS	851 (89.2)	76 (8.0)	27 (2.8)	277 (32.5)	574 (67.5)	0.527	199 (22.7)	676 (77.3)	0.001
FIS	648 (67.9)	275 (28.8)	31 (3.3)	198 (30.6)	450 (69.4)	0.077	174 (26.1)	492 (73.9)	0.189
FOP	203 (21.3)	719 (75.4)	32 (3.4)	68 (33.5)	135 (66.5)	0.734	58 (27.8)	151 (27.8)	0.319

MLF		Distance from the foramen to the crest of the mandible in millimeters				Distance from the foramen to the base of the mandible in millimeters
MLF		≤45 years	46-58 years	≥59 years	^* * Kruskal Wallis test. Significant at P<0.05. p value	≤45 years	46-58 years	≥59 years	^* * Kruskal Wallis test. Significant at P<0.05. p value
FSS
	Mean	15.3	13.9	13.6		13.6	14.0	14.5
	Median	16.1	15.0	14.1	0.001	16.6	13.9	14.6	0.166
	Min	03.2	01.9	02.8		10.2	11.9	07.9
	Max	24.8	26.0	20.1		17.0	16.2	18.2
FIS									0.783
	Mean	22.2	21.9	21.4		06.0	05.9	05.8
	Median	22.1	23.1	22.3	0.001	05.4	05.2	05.7
	Min	10.9	06.4	12.1		01.7	02.2	02.9	0.882
	Max	30.7	29.0	29.9		12.1	16.2	11.3
FOP
	Mean	24.6	24.1	24.3		03.6	02.9	04.1
	Median	25.5	25.4	24.2	0.527	02.5	02.6	02.8
	Min	07.2	10.5	14.8		00.6	00.9	00.9
	Max	33.9	32.7	31.8		09.9	38.0	38.0

MLF		Diameter in millimeters		^* * Mann Whitney test, Significant at P<0.05. p value	Presence bifurcation n (%)				^ Pearson’s chi-square test, Significant at P<0.05. p value
		Diameter in millimeters			Female		Male
		Female	Male		Yes	No	Yes	No
FSS	Mean Median Min Max	0.50 0.48 0.25 1.03	0.55 0.52 0.24 1.17	0.055	87 (15)	488 (84.8)	30 (10.9)	246 (89.1)	0.171
FIS	Mean Median Min Max	0.41 0.38 0.19 1.04	0.44 0.43 0.23 0.90	0.002	48 (10.7)	402 (89.3)	15 (7.6)	183 (92.4)	0.251
FOP	Mean Median Min Max	0.35 0.34 0.15 0.82	0.44 0.42 0.21 0.92	0.001	07 (5.3)	126 (94.7)	13 (18.6)	57 (81.4)	0.017

Foramen		Distance from the foramen to the crest of the mandible in millimeters			Distance from the foramen to the base of the mandible in millimeters
		Teeth present		^* * Mann Whitney test, Significant at P<0.05. p value	Teeth present		^* * Mann Whitney test, Significant at P<0.05. p value
		Yes	No	^* * Mann Whitney test, Significant at P<0.05. p value	Yes	No	^* * Mann Whitney test, Significant at P<0.05. p value
FSS
	Mean Median Min-Max	15.6 15.7 5.5-26.0	10.3 10.7 1.8-20.1	0.001	13.9 13.7 10.2-18.2	13.9 14.0 7.9-17.8	0.165
FIS
	Mean Median Min-Max	23.3 23.4 12.9-30.8	17.8 17.7 6.4-27.9	0.001	5.9 5.3 1.7-16.2	5.8 5.6 2.9-10.5	0.196
FOP
	Mean Median Min-Max	25.5 26.2 7.2-33.9	20.7 20.5 10.5-30.6	0.001	3.6 2.6 0.9-38.0	3.1 2.7 0.6-10.0	0.513

Foramen	Direction of the canal				^* * Mann Whitney test, Significant at P<0.05. p value
	Teeth present		Teeth absent
	A (%)	D (%)	A (%)	D (%)
FSS	63.3	78.2	36.7	21.8	0.072
FIS	72.5	73.6	27.5	26.4	0.904
FOP	71.3	76.9	28.7	23.2	0.643

Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic R. José Rocha Junqueira, 13, 13045-755 Campinas/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 19) 3211-3689 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: contato@revistargo.com.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence to: EM Abdo. E-mail: evandro.abdo@gmail.com.

MLF	DFB (mean)		^*p value	DFC (mean)		^*p value
MLF	M	F	^*p value	M	F	^*p value
FSS	14.70	13.6	0.001	14.1	14.6	0.077
FIS	06.21	05.7	0.045	21.8	22.1	0.311
FOP	04.00	03.3	0.002	22.3	23.7	0.179