Vulnerabilities, depression, and religiosity in the elderly hospitalised in an emergency unit

Nery, Bruno Leonardo Soares; Cruz, Keila Cristianne Trindade da; Faustino, Andréa Mathes; Santos, Carla Targino Bruno dos

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Gaúcha Enferm. 39 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.2017-0184 copy

Vulnerabilities, depression, and religiosity in the elderly hospitalised in an emergency unit

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To identify vulnerabilities and the association between religiosity and depressive signs in the elderly hospitalised in an emergency unit.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 140 elderly patients admitted to a public hospital in the Federal District, Brazil, between May and October 2016. Data were collected using a semi-structured health questionnaire, the Duke University Religion Scale (DUREL), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).

RESULTS

The elderly patients were vulnerable in terms of schooling, place of residence, and life habits, and 37.3% exhibited signs of depression. A weak association was found between religiosity and the development of depressive signs (p ≤ 0, R = 0.12; p = 0.02 and r = 0.06).

CONCLUSION

The results showed isolated religiosity is not an effective protective factor, but it strengthens resilience in the face of disease and serves as a support network for the elderly.

Keywords:
Aged; Religion; Depression; Health vulnerability; Spirituality

Sociodemographic profile	n	%
Sex
Male	70	50
Female	70	50
Age group
60-64	36	25.7
65-69	35	25
70-74	21	15
75-79	16	11.4
80-84	20	14.3
85-89	8	5.7
90-95	4	2.9
Marital status
Married	48	34.3
Single	17	12.1
Widowed	40	28.6
Separated	21	15
Other	14	10
Education
Illiterate	51	36.4
Up to 4 years of schooling	62	44.3
4 to 8 years of schooling	18	12.9
8 years or more of schooling	9	6.4
Retired
No	24	17.1
Yes	116	82.9
Family income
1 minimum wage	76	54.3
2 minimum wages	40	28.6
3 minimum wages	16	11.3
4 minimum wages	4	2.9
5 or more minimum wages	4	2.9
Place of residence
Planaltina - DF	107	76.4
^RIDE-DF* *RIDE-DF Integrated development region of the Federal District and surroundings consisting of the Federal District and the municipalities of Abadiânia, Água Fria de Goiás, Águas Lindas de Goiás, Alexânia, Cabeceiras, Cidade Ocidental, Cocalzinho de Goiás, Corumbá de Goiás, Cristalina, Formosa, Luziânia, Mimoso de Goiás, Novo Gama, Padre Bernardo, Pirenópolis, Planaltina, Santo Antônio do Descoberto, Valparaíso de Goiás, and Vila Boa, in the state of Goiás, and Unaí, Buritis, and Cabeceira Grande in the state of Minas Gerais.	13	9.3
Other	20	14.3

Profile of heath data	n	%
Manchester^* * Risk classification - Manchester protocol.
Not classified	68	48.6
Blue	0	0
Green	4	2.9
Yellow	29	20.7
Orange	34	24.2
Red	5	3.6
Smoker
No	74	52.9
Yes	66	47.1
Frequently	29	20.7
Rarely	14	10
Stopped smoking	23	16.4
Alcohol use
No	91	65
Yes	49	35
Frequently	19	13.6
Rarely	13	9.3
Stopped drinking	17	12.1
Trouble sleeping
No	62	44.3
Yes	78	55.7
Delayed	50	35.7
Wake up the night	27	19.3
Wake up early	0	0
Sleepy	61	0.7
Difficulties of locomotion
No	72	51.4
Yes	68	48.6
Human aid	8	5.7
Canes or crutches	11	7.9
Walker	1	0.7
Wheelchair	3	2.1
More than one option	8	5.7
None	37	26.5
Physical activity
No	120	85.7
Yes	20	14.3
Inpatient clinic
General medicine	96	68.6
General surgery	26	18.6
Orthopaedics	18	12.8
Amount of continued-use medication
None	18	12.8
One	17	12.1
Two	25	17.8
Three	23	16.4
Four	20	14.3
Five or more	37	26.6

Level	DUREL Questions	GDS-15
		Normal		Mild		Severe
		p^* * p-value= X² test (Chi-square).	r^ r = Pearson’s correlation.	p^* * p-value= X² test (Chi-square).	r^ r = Pearson’s correlation.	p^ r = Pearson’s correlation.	r^ r = Pearson’s correlation.
ORA	How often do you attend church or other religious meetings?	0.62	0.13	0.18	0.13	0.50	0.12
NORA	How often do you spend time in private religious activities, such as prayer, meditation or Bible study?	0.18	0.00	0.26	0.01	0.50	0.00
IR-1	In my life, I experience the presence of the Divine (or God).	0.11	0.11	≤ 0.00	0.12	0.69	0.12
IR-2	My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my whole approach to life.	0.02	0.06	0.24	0.05	0.43	0.07
IR-3	I try hard to carry my religion into all other dealings in life.	0.74	0.02	0.98	0.05	´ x	0.03

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Escola de Enfermagem Rua São Manoel, 963 -Campus da Saúde , 90.620-110 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brasil, Fone: (55 51) 3308-5242 / Fax: (55 51) 3308-5436 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
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[1] Corresponding author:
Bruno Leonardo Soares Nery. brunoneryenfermagem@gmail.com

GDS	n (%)	A	SD	DUREL
				ORA	NORA	IR
				PR (CI95%)	PR (CI95%)	PR (CI95%)	PR (CI95%)	PR (CI95%)
Normal	88 (62.7%)	3.09	1.26	0.93 (0.71 - 1.21)	0.75 (0.55 - 1.02)	0.61 (0.54 - 0.70)	0.65 (0.53 - 0.81)	0.93 (0.63 - 1.37)
Mild	47 (33.7%)	7.51	1.47	0.75 (0.55 - 1.02)	1.91 (0.53 - 6.87)	0.43 (0.31 - 0.59)	1,74 (0.61 - 4.93)	1.00 (0.47 to 2.14)
Severe	5 (3.6%)	11.2	0.44	0.31 (0.05 - 1.80)	x	x	x	x