Absenteeism of nurses and nursing technicians in the urgency and emergency unit

Cohort study, urgency and emergency care unit of a public hospital, 57 nursing technicians and 14 nurses, from October 2017 to October 2018. Application of an instrument with sociodemographic and labor data, reported absenteeism and validated Brazilian version of the Nursing Work Index Revised. Multiple logistic regression analysis, significant associations if p<0.05.

Results:

Work environment showed an average score of 3.10 for nurses and nursing technicians. The more unfavorable the environment, the greater the likelihood employees will no show up for work. Factors that increase the probability of absenteeism: being single or divorced and working night shifts. Factors that reduce this probability: being a nurse and having another job.

Conclusion:

A work environment unfavorable to professional practice increases the probability of absenteeism for nurses and nursing technicians.

Keywords:
Working environment; Nursing, team; Absenteeism

Variable	N	%
Professional Occupation
Technician	57	80.3
Nurse	14	19.7
Gender
Female	62	87.3
Male	9	12.7
Agev
20-25	2	2.8
26-30	11	15.5
31-35	13	18.3
36-40	21	29.6
41-45	8	11.3
46-50	9	12.7
51-55	5	7.0
>56	2	2.8
Ethnicity
White	50	70.4
Black or brown	21	29.6
Marital status
Married	44	62.0
Divorced or single	27	38.0
Number of children
0	20	28.2
1	16	22.5
2	22	31.0
3	12	16.9
>4	1	1.4
Working hours
30h	29	40.8
36h	2	2.8
40h	35	49.3
Double	5	7.0
Work in a unit with patient lengths of stay longer than 5 days
No	21	29.6
Yes	50	70.4
Was promoted
No	69	97.2
Yes	2	2.8
Received a negative performance evaluation
No	64	90.1
Yes	7	9.9
Shift of work
Day	42	59.2
Night	29	40.8
Administrative worksheet (Monday through Friday - 8 hours per day)
No	70	98.6
Yes	1	1.4
Has another job
No	62	87.3
Yes	9	12.7
Length of time working in the institution
1- 5 years	41	57.7
6-10 years	15	21.1
11-15 years	4	5.6
16- 20 years	10	14.1
> 21 years	1	1.4
Satisfied with the salary
No	53	74.6
Yes	18	25.4
Absence (0-6 months)
No	51	71.8
Yes	20	28.2
Unjustified absence (0-6 months)
No	70	98.6
Yes	1	1.4
Absence (6 - 9 months)
No	50	70.4
Yes	21	29.6
Unjustified absence (6-9 months)
No	70	98.6
Yes	1	1.4
Absence (9 -12 months)
No	55	77.5
Yes	16	22.5
Unjustified absence (9-12 months)
No	70	98.6
Yes	1	1.4

Subscales B-NWI- R	Beginning		6 months		9 months		12 months
Subscales B-NWI- R	Mean score	Sd	Mean score	Sd	Mean score	Sd	Mean score	Sd
Autonomy	2.37	0.61	2.65	0.59	2.85	0.55	3.12	0.49
Control over the environment	2.75	0.57	2.88	0.54	2.97	0.50	3.14	0.45
Doctor-Nurse relationship	2.35	0.58	2.67	0.66	2.83	0.55	3.03	0.48
Organizational support	2.50	0.53	2.75	0.52	2.87	0.50	3.12	0.45

Variable	OR	CI 95%		p
Autonomy in the beginning	8.30	0.56	124.04	0.13
Control over the environment in the beginning	0.12	0.00	6.18	0.29
Doctor-nurse relationship in the beginning	0.75	0.08	7.34	0.80
Organizational support in the beginning	2.85	0.00	2323.71	0.76
Being a Nurse	0.22	0.02	2.07	0.19
Male gender	0.46	0.05	4.23	0.49
Black or Brown ethnicity	3.02	0.,49	18.82	0.24
Marital Status - single or divorced	9.03	1.42	57.59	0.02
Work in units with patient lengths of stay longer than 5 days	0.29	0.04	2.16	0.23
Received a promotion	0.44	0.01	30.62	0.70
Received a negative performance evaluation	4.15	0.41	41.89	0.23
Work in the night shift	7.48	1.40	40.13	0.02
Administrative workweek (Monday through Friday - 8 hours per day)	0.00	0.00		1.00
Has another job	0.12	0.02	0.93	0.04
Is satisfied with the salary	0.22	0.03	1.78	0.16

Variable	OR	CI95%		P
Autonomy after 6 months	1.142	.063	20.615	0.928
Control over the environment after 6 months	1.701	.029	100.622	0.799
Doctor-nurse relationship after 6 months	0.999	.132	7.578	0.999
Organizational support after 6 months	0.671	.000	1062.770	0.916
Being a Nurse	0.100	0.012	0.857	0.036
Male gender	0.527	0.037	7.442	0.635
Black or Brown ethnicity	0.648	0.131	3.200	0.595
Marital Status - single or divorced	5.227	1.201	22.754	0.028
Work in units with patient lengths of stay longer than 5 days	0.233	0.047	1.146	0.073
Received a promotion	1.940	0.012	317.707	0.799
Received a negative performance evaluation	3.751	0.468	30.057	0.213
Work in the night shift	0.708	0.146	3.437	0.668
Administrative workweek (Monday through Friday - 8 hours per day)	0.000	0.000		1.000
Has another job	0.050	0.004	0.562	0.015
Is satisfied with the salary	1.229	0.255	5.920	0.797

Variable	OR	CI95%		P
Autonomy after 9 months	0.096	0.002	4.243	0.225
Control over the environment after 9 months	0.203	0.003	15.513	0.471
Doctor-nurse relationship after 9 months	0.255	0.018	3.604	0.312
Organizational support after 9 months	196.217	0.059	657929.998	0.202
Being a Nurse	0.263	0.035	1.956	0.192
Male gender	1.712	0.153	19.113	0.662
Black or Brown ethnicity	0.179	0.019	1.733	0.138
Marital Status - single or divorced	2.780	.592	13.054	0.195
Work in units with patient lengths of stay longer than 5 days	0.494	0.081	2.996	0.443
Received a promotion	0.000	0.000		0.999
Received a negative performance evaluation	2.219	0.216	22.796	0.502
Work in the night shift	1.225	.224	6.710	0.815
Administrative workweek (Monday through Friday - 8 hours per day)	0.000	0.000		1.000
Has another job	0.294	0.034	2.508	0.263
Is satisfied with the salary	2.614	0.566	12.083	0.219

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Escola de Enfermagem Rua São Manoel, 963 -Campus da Saúde , 90.620-110 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brasil, Fone: (55 51) 3308-5242 / Fax: (55 51) 3308-5436 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: revista@enf.ufrgs.br

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[1] Corresponding author:
Priscila Braga de Oliveira E-mail: pboliveira00@gmail.com