Recurrent violence against children: analysis of cases notified between 2011 and 2018 in Espírito Santo state, Brazil

Pedroso, Márcia Regina de Oliveira; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 30 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742021000300003 copy

Recurrent violence against children: analysis of cases notified between 2011 and 2018 in Espírito Santo state, Brazil^* * Article derived from the academic Ph.D. thesis entitled ‘Violence against children: an analysis of cases notified in Espírito Santo’, to be defended by Márcia Regina de Oliveira Pedroso at the Federal University of Espírito Santo Postgraduate Program in Public Health.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To identify the frequency of reported cases and factors associated with recurrent childhood violence in Espírito Santo State, Brazil.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of cases notified on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System between 2011-2018. Associations were tested using Pearson’s Chi-Square test and Poisson Regression stratified by sex.

Results:

The frequency of recurrent violence was 32.5%. In boys, it was associated with the child’s age (PR=1.38 - 95%CI 1.11;1.73) and the aggressor’s age (PR=1.85 - 95%CI 1.30;2.63) and occurrence at home (PR=1.61 - 95%CI 1.23;2.11); in girls, it was associated with age (PR=1.39 - 95%CI 1.20;1.60), presence of disabilities/disorders in the victim (PR=1.43 - 95%CI 1.22;1.67), abusive parents (PR=3.70 - 95%CI 1.65;8.32) and occurrence at home (PR=1.39 - 95%CI 1.10;1.75).

Conclusion:

Recurrent violence was present in almost one third of the reports of violence against children in Espírito Santo State, requiring the recognition of its associated factors for the development of prevention policies.

Keywords:
Child Abuse; Violence; Exposure to Violence; Domestic Violence; Epidemiological Monitoring; Cross-Sectional Studies

Characteristic	N	%^a	95%CI^b
Sex
Male	405	39.9	36.9;43.0
Female	610	60.1	57.1;63.1
Victim’s age group (years)^a
0-2	222	22.2	19.7;24.8
3-5	293	29.2	26.5;32.1
6-9	487	48.6	45.5;51.7
Victim’s race/skin color^a
White	268	29.6	26.7;32.6
Black/brown	630	69.5	66.5;72.5
Yellow/indigenous	8	0.9	0.4;1.8
Victim with disability and/or disorder^a
No	924	93.9	92.2;95.2
Yes	60	6.1	4.8;7.8
Victim’s zone of residence^a
Urban/peri-urban	880	88.4	86.3;90.3
Rural	115	11.6	9.7;13.7
Aggressor’s age group (years)^a
0-19	135	21.5	18.5;24.9
20-24	70	11.2	8.9;13.9
≥25	423	67.3	63.6;70.9
Aggressor’s sex^a
Male	553	56.2	53.1;59.3
Female	261	26.5	23.9;29.4
Both sexes	170	17.3	15.0;19.8
Relationship between aggressor and victim^a
Parents	631	64.4	61.3;67.3
Acquaintance	321	32.8	29.9;35.8
Stranger	13	1.3	0.8;2.3
The victim himself/herself	15	1.5	0.9;2.5
Aggressor suspected of using alcohol^a
No	428	69.9	66.2;73.5
Yes	184	30.1	26.6;33.8
Number of aggressors involved^a
One	735	75.0	72.2;77.6
Two or more	245	25.0	22.4;27.8
Place where violence occurred^a
Other	111	11.6	9.7;13.7
Residence	850	88.4	86.3;90.3
Time of occurrence^a
Morning/afternoon	339	67.5	63.3;71.5
Night/early morning	163	32.5	28.5;36.7
Referral to other services^a
No	68	6.7	5.4;8.5
Yes	941	93.3	91.5;94.7

Characteristic	Male				Female
Characteristic	n	%	95%CI^a	p-value	n	%	95%CI^a	p-value
Victim’s age group (years)
0-2	95	41.5	35.3;48.0	0.001	127	47.6	41.6;53.6	<0.001
3-5	127	58.3	51.6;64.7		166	56.7	50.9;62.2
6-9	177	54.6	49.2;60.0		310	64.3	59.9;68.5
Victim’s race/skin color
White	95	49.2	42.2;56.3	0.026	173	60.9	55.1;66.4	0.406
Black/brown	254	53.9	49.4;58.4		376	56.7	52.9;60.5
Yellow/indigenous	1	11.1	1.4;53.2		7	50.0	25.2;74.8
Victim with disability and/or disorder
No	364	50.8	47.1;54.4	0.115	560	56.9	53.8;60.0	0.002
Yes	26	63.4	47.6;76.8		34	81.0	66.1;90.3
Victim’s zone of residence
Urban/peri-urban	339	50.5	46.7;54.2	0.041	541	57.7	54.5;60.9	0.508
Rural	58	61.7	51.5;71.0		57	61.3	51.0;70.7
Aggressor’s age group (years)
0-19	65	49.2	40.8;57.8	<0.001	70	49.0	40.8;57.1	<0.001
20-24	23	33.3	23.2;45.3		47	59.5	48.3;69.8
≥25	162	66.4	60.2;72.1		261	70.7	65.9;75.2
Aggressor’s sex
Male	198	50.5	45.6;55.5	0.217	355	56.5	52.6;60.4	0.009
Female	123	54.9	48.3;61.3		138	62.2	55.6;68.3
Both sexes	72	59.0	50.0;67.4		98	70.0	61.9;77.0
Relationship between aggressor and victim
Parents	268	60.4	55.7;64.8	<0.001	363	70.6	66.5;74.4	<0.001
Acquaintance	107	43.0	36.9;49.2		214	50.2	45.5;55.0
Stranger	8	19.5	10.0;34.7		5	14.7	6.2;31.2
The victim himself/herself	10	52.6	30.6;73.7		5	33.3	14.1;60.3
Aggressor suspected of using alcohol
No	172	46.5	41.4;51.6	<0.001	256	55.4	50.8;59.9	0.001
Yes	79	66.4	57.4;74.3		105	71.0	63.1;77.7
Number of aggressors involved
One	286	53.2	48.9;57.4	0.554	449	58.9	55.4;62.4	0.219
Two or more	104	50.7	43.9;57.6		141	63.5	57.0;69.6
Place where violence occurred
Other	63	33.2	26.8;40.2	<0.001	48	35.8	28.1;44.3	<0.001
Residence	322	59.0	54.8;63.0		528	61.8	58.4;65.0
Time of occurrence
Morning/afternoon	135	46.4	40.7;52.2	0.476	204	56.4	51.2;61.4	0.929
Night/early morning	55	42.6	34.3;51.4		108	56.0	48.9;62.8
Referral to other services
No	28	38.9	28.3;50.7	0.020	40	47.6	37.1;58.3	0.044
Yes	377	53.3	49.6;56.9		564	58.9	55.8;62.0

Variable	Crude analysis			Adjusted analysis
Variable	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value
Victim’s age group (years)
0-2	1.00		0.002	1.00		0.017
3-5	1.40	1.16;1.70		1.32	1.04;1.68
6-9	1.32	1.10;1.58		1.38	1.11;1.73
Victim’s race/skin color
White	4.43	0.69;28.31	0.144	2.31	0.49;11.02	0.238
Black/brown	4.85	0.76;30.9		2.67	0.56;12.64
Yellow/indigenous	1.00			1.00
Victim with disability and/or disorder
No	1.00		0.073	1.00		0.085
Yes	1.25	0.98;1.59		1.24	0.97;1.58
Victim’s zone of residence
Urban/peri-urban	1.00		0.025	1.00		0.925
Rural	1.22	1.03;1.46		1.01	0.80;1.28
Aggressor’s age group (years)
0-19	1.48	1.01;2.15	<0.001	1.41	0.96;2.08	<0.001
20-24	1.00			1.00
≥25	1.99	1.41;2.82		1.85	1.30;2.63
Relationship between aggressor and victim
Parents	3.09	1.65;5.79	<0.001	1.05	0.36;3.09	0.997
Acquaintance	2.20	1.16;4.17		1.01	0.34;3.06
Stranger	1.00			1.00
The victim himself/herself	2.70	1.27;5.74		1.06	0.30;3.73
Aggressor suspected of using alcohol
No	1.00		<0.001	1.00		0.066
Yes	1.43	1.21;1.69		1.21	0.99;1.47
Place where violence occurred
Other	1.00		<0.001	1.00		0.001
Residence	1.78	1.44;2.20		1.61	1.23;2.11

Variable	Crude analysis			Adjusted analysis
Variable	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value
Victim’s age group (years)
0-2	1,00		<0.001	1.00		<0.001
3-5	1.19	1.01;1.40		1.22	1.04;1.43
6-9	1.35	1.17;1.56		1.39	1.20;1.60
Victim with disability and/or disorder
No	1.00		<0.001	1.00		<0.001
Yes	1.42	1.22;1.66		1.43	1.22;1.67
Aggressor’s age group (years)
0-19	1.00		<0.001	1.00		0.327
20-24	1.22	0.95;1.56		1.04	0.79;1.38
≥25	1.45	1.21;1.73		1.15	0.93;1.43
Aggressor’s sex
Male	1.00		0.004	1.00		0.151
Female	1.10	0.97;1.24		1.11	0.98;1.26
Both sexes	1.24	1.09;1.41		1.12	0.98;1.28
Relationship between aggressor and victim
Parents	4.80	2.13;10.82	<0.001	3.70	1.65;8.32	<0.001
Acquaintance	3.42	1.51;7.72		2.49	1.10;5.64
Stranger	1.00			1.00
The victim himself/herself	2.27	0.77;6.68		1.81	0.65;5.07
Aggressor suspected of using alcohol
No	1.00		<0.001	1.00		0.714
Yes	1.28	1.12;1.46		1.03	0.88;1.20
Place where violence occurred
Other	1.00		<0.001	1.00		0.005
Residence	1.72	1.37;2.18		1.39	1.10;1.75

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence: Márcia Regina de Oliveira Pedroso - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rua da Prainha, No. 1326, Morada Nobre, Barreiras, BA, Brazil. Postcode: 47810-047. E-mail: marcypedroso@gmail.com