Prevalence and factors associated with inadequate work ability among community health workers in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais state, Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2018

Anjos, Jamile Pereira Dias dos; Freitas, Ronilson Ferreira; Almeida, Karine Suene Mendes; Caldeira, Antônio Prates; Popoff, Daniela Araújo Veloso; Rocha, Josiane Santos Brant

doi:10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2023354.en

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Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 33 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2023354.en copy

Prevalence and factors associated with inadequate work ability among community health workers in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais state, Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2018

Prevalencia y factores asociados a la capacidad laboral inadecuada entre los trabajadores comunitarios de salud en Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil: estudio transversal, 2018

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To estimate the prevalence and analyze factors associated with inadequate work ability among community health workers (CHWs).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted with CHWs, from July to October 2018, in Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; work ability, sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical factors were investigated; prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using Poisson regression.

Results

Of the 675 CHWs, 25.8% (95%CI 22.7;29.2) showed inadequate work ability; length of service greater than five years (PR = 1.64; 95%CI 1.24;2.18), poor health status (PR = 2.10; 95%CI 1.56;2.83), depressive symptoms (PR = 1.98; 95%CI 1.54;2.55) and voice disorders (PR = 1.85; 95%CI 1.26;2.73) were associated with the event.

Conclusion

There was a high prevalence of inadequate work ability, associated with occupational and clinical factors.

Keywords
Work ability Assessment; Community Health Worker; Occupational Health Surveillance; Health Personnel; Cross-sectional Studies

Study contributions

Main results

There was a high prevalence of inadequate work ability among community health workers (CHWs), associated with occupational and clinical factors.

Implications for services

This study can contribute to the planning of preventive actions and the promotion of the work ability of CHWs, with repercussions on the quality of service provided by these professionals.

Perspectives

Longitudinal studies are strongly recommended in order to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the variables investigated.

Characteristic variables		Total		Inadequate work ability
Characteristic variables		N	%	n	%
Sociodemografic
Sex
	Male	110	16.3	14	12.7
	Female	565	83.7	160	28.3
Race/skin color
	Black	588	87.1	148	25.2
	White	87	12.9	26	29.9
Marital status
	With a partner	403	59.7	118	29.3
	Without a partner	272	40.3	56	20.6
Schooling
	Higher education	292	43.3	64	21.9
	Elementary education	383	56.7	110	28.7
Family income (in minimum wages)^a
	> 1	629	93.2	168	26.7
	≤ 1	46	6.8	06	13.0
Occupational
Trainning in the healthcare field
	Yes	241	35.7	83	34.4
	No	434	64.3	91	21.0
Length of time working as a CHW (in years)
	≤ 5	382	56.6	58	15.2
	> 5	293	43.4	116	39.6
Clinical
Sedentary behavior (hours spent sitting)
	≤ 4	390	57.8	108	27.7
	> 4	285	42.2	66	23.2
Arterial hypertension
	Do not have	604	89.5	146	24.2
	Have	71	10.5	28	39.4
Self-perceived health status
	Good	398	59.0	55	13.8
	Poor	277	41.0	119	43.0
Body mass index – BMI
	Normal	264	39.1	58	22.0
	Overweight/obesity	411	60.9	116	28.2
Self-esteem
	High self-esteem	408	60.4	103	25.2
	Low self-esteem	267	39.6	71	26.6
Depressive symptoms
	Eperience	547	81.0	98	17.9
	Do not experience	128	19.0	76	59.4
Time spent in the sun (in hours)
	1-4	238	35.3	47	19.7
	> 4	437	64.7	127	29.1
Presence of voice disorders
	No	200	29.6	24	12.0
	Yes	475	70.4	150	31.6

Factors		Crude PR^a (₉₅%CI^b)	p-value^c	Adjusted PR^a (₉₅%CI^b)	p-value^d
Sociodemographic
Sex
	Male	1.00	0.002	1.00	0.079
	Female	2.22 (1.34;3.69)	0.002	1.55 (0.94;2.54)	0.079
Race/skin color
	Black	1.00	0.337	–	–
	White	1.18 (0.83;1.68)	0.337	–	–
Marital status
	With a partner	1.00	0.013	–	–
	Without a partner	0.70 (0.53;0.92)	0.013	–	–
Schooling
	Higher education	1.00	0.048	–	–
	Elementary education	1.31 (1.00;1.71)	0.048	–	–
Family income (in minimum wages)^d
	> 1	1.00	0.064	–	–
	≤ 1	0.48 (0.22;1.04)	0.064	–	–
Occupational
Trainning in the healthcare field
	Yes	1.00	< 0.001	–	–
	No	0.60 (0.47;0.78)	< 0.001	–	–
Length of time working as a CHW (in years)
	≤ 5	1.00	< 0.001	1,00	0.001
	> 5	2.60 (1.97;3.43)	< 0.001	1.64 (1.24;2.18)	0.001
Clinical
Sedentary behavior (hours spent sitting)
	≤ 4	1.00	0.187	–	–
	> 4	0.83 (0.64;1.09)	0.187	–	–
Arterial hypertension
	Do not have	1.00	0.003	–	–
	Have	1.63 (1.18;2.24)	0.003	–	–
Self-perceived health status
	Good	1.00	< 0.001	1.00	< 0.001
	Bad	3.10 (2.34;4.11)	< 0.001	2.10 (1.56;2.83)	< 0.001
Body mass index (BMI)
	Normal	1.00	0.074	–	–
	Overweight/obesity	1.28 (0.97;1.69)	0.074	–	–
Self-esteem
	High self-esteem	1.00	0.695	–	–
	Low self-esteem	1.05 (0.81;1.36)	0.695	–	–
Depressive symptoms
	Do not experience	1.00	< 0.001	1.00	< 0.001
	Experience	3.31 (2.63;4.16)	< 0.001	1.98 (1.54;2.55)	< 0.001
Time spent in the sun (in hours)
	1-4	1.00	0.010	–	–
	> 4	1.47 (1.09;1.97)	0.010	–	–
Presence of voice disorders
	No	1.00	< 0.001	1.00	0.002
	Yes	2.73 (1.82;4.10)	< 0.001	1.85 (1.26;2.73)	0.002

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Ronilson Ferreira Freitas | ronnypharmacia@gmail.com