Sex differentials in avoidable mortality and potential life expectancy gains in São Paulo, SP, Brazil: a cross-sectional study of the period 2014-2016

Souza, Larissa Gonçalves; Siviero, Pamila Cristina Lima

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Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Sumário

Original articles • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 29 (3) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000300004 copy

Sex differentials in avoidable mortality and potential life expectancy gains in São Paulo, SP, Brazil: a cross-sectional study of the period 2014-2016

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

to estimate potential life expectancy gains and differences between males and females, if avoidable deaths from circulatory system diseases, neoplasms and external causes had been eliminated in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in the period 2014- 2016.

Methods

this was a cross-sectional study using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM), and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), using multiple decrement tables.

Results

of the 81,087 deaths from the diseases studied here, 75.1% were classified as avoidable; elimination of avoidable deaths due to circulatory system diseases was found to generate the greatest potential life expectancy gains, followed by neoplasms among females and external causes among males.

Conclusion

magnitude of lost life expectancy due to avoidable deaths differs between males and females; sex differentials in avoidable mortality therefore persist, producing a series of challenges.

Mortality; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Cross-Sectional Studies

Causes of death		Deaths			Proportion (%)
Causes of death		Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Neoplasms (N)	Avoidable	9,177	8,991	18,168	50.51	49.49
	Unavoidable	5,849	5,556	11,405	51.28	48.72
	Total	15,026	14,547	29,573	50.81	49.19
Circulatory System (CS) Diseases	Avoidable	17,744	10,919	28,663	61.91	38.09
	Unavoidable	5,202	3,512	8,714	59.70	40.30
	Total	22,946	14,431	37,377	61.39	38.61
External causes (EC)	Avoidable	11,798	2,290	14,088	83.75	16.25
	Unavoidable	39	10	49	79.59	20.41
	Total	11,837	2,300	14,137	83.73	16.27
(N) + (CS) + (EC)	Avoidable	38,719	22,200	60,919	63.56	36.44
	Unavoidable	11,090	9,078	20,168	54.99	45.01
	Total	49,809	31,278	81,087	61.43	38.57

Age range (in years)	Sex ratio between specific mortality rates
Age range (in years)	Neoplasms	Circulatory system diseases	External causes
5-9	1.61	1.28	1.09
10-14	1.12	1.12	2.45
15-19	1.81	3.22	9.75
20-24	1.18	3.10	8.12
25-29	0.80	2.61	7.09
30-34	0.53	2.23	7.23
35-39	0.54	2.06	5.67
40-44	0.52	1.82	6.82
45-49	0.74	2.02	6.61
50-54	1.01	2.14	5.67
55-59	1.28	2.10	4.63
60-64	1.56	2.31	4.15
65-69	1.65	2.04	2.85
70-74	1.81	1.86	2.26

Males
Age (in years)	e_x	Neoplasms			Circulatory system diseases			External causes
Age (in years)	e_x	e_x^{- i}	e_x^-i - ex	(%)	e_x^{- i}	e_x^-i - e_x	(%)	e_x^{- i}	e_x^-i - e_x	(%)
0	73.89	75.21	1.32	1.8	76.33	2.44	3.3	75.84	1.95	2.6
5	70.05	71.34	1.29	1.8	72.48	2.43	3.5	72.03	1.98	2.8
10	65.11	66.39	1.28	2.0	67.54	2.43	3.7	67.08	1.97	3.0
15	60.19	61.47	1.28	2.1	62.62	2.43	4.0	62.12	1.94	3.2
20	55.68	56.96	1.28	2.3	58.10	2.42	4.3	57.28	1.60	2.9
25	51.19	52.47	1.28	2.5	53.59	2.41	4.7	52.48	1.29	2.5
30	46.59	47.87	1.28	2.7	48.98	2.40	5.1	47.66	1.08	2.3
35	41.98	43.26	1.28	3.0	44.36	2.37	5.7	42.89	0.90	2.2
40	37.43	38.70	1.27	3.4	39.77	2.34	6.2	38.18	0.75	2.0
45	32.98	34.23	1.25	3.8	35.25	2.26	6.9	33.60	0.62	1.9
50	28.72	29.93	1.20	4.2	30.85	2.13	7.4	29.23	0.51	1.8
55	24.71	25.83	1.12	4.5	26.64	1.92	7.8	25.12	0.41	1.7
60	20.97	21.93	0.96	4.6	22.63	1.65	7.9	21.31	0.34	1.6
65	17.53	18.27	0.74	4.2	18.80	1.27	7.3	17.81	0.27	1.6
≥70	14.41	14.89	0.49	3.4	15.21	0.81	5.6	14.62	0.22	1.5

Female
Age (in years)	e_x	Neoplasms			Circulatory system diseases			External causes
Age (in years)	e_x	e_x^{- i}	e_x^-i - ex	(%)	e_x^{- i}	e_x^-i - e_x	(%)	e_x^{- i}	e_x^-i - e_x	(%)

0	81.57	83.00	1.42	1.7	83.26	1.69	2.1	82.11	0.54	0.7
5	77.67	79.07	1.40	1.8	79.33	1.67	2.1	78.21	0.54	0.7
10	72.72	74.12	1.40	1.9	74.39	1.67	2.3	73.25	0.53	0.7
15	67.78	69.18	1.40	2.1	69.45	1.67	2.5	68.30	0.52	0.8
20	62.92	64.31	1.39	2.2	64.58	1.66	2.6	63.40	0.48	0.8
25	58.08	59.47	1.39	2.4	59.73	1.65	2.8	58.52	0.44	0.8
30	53.24	54.61	1.37	2.6	54.88	1.64	3.1	53.64	0.40	0.8
35	48.42	49.77	1.35	2.8	50.04	1.62	3.4	48.79	0.37	0.8
40	43.68	44.98	1.30	3.0	45.27	1.60	3.7	44.02	0.34	0.8
45	39.01	40.24	1.23	3.2	40.55	1.54	4.0	39.33	0.32	0.8
50	34.47	35.60	1.13	3.3	35.93	1.45	4.2	34.77	0.30	0.9
55	30.08	31.08	1.00	3.3	31.41	1.33	4.4	30.36	0.28	0.9
60	25.88	26.70	0.82	3.2	27.03	1.15	4.5	26.14	0.26	1.0
65	21.87	22.50	0.63	2.9	22.81	0.94	4.3	22.12	0.24	1.1
≥70	18.14	18.56	0.42	2.3	18.77	0.63	3.5	18.35	0.21	1.2

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Larissa Gonçalves Souza – Av. Celina Ferreira Ottoni, No. 4000, Sala D 310 A, Padre Vitor, Varginha, MG, Brazil. Postcode: 37048-395 E-mail: gso.larissa@gmail.com