Overweight and obesity prevalence trend in Espírito Santo, Brazil: an ecological study, 2009-2018

Aprelini, Carla Moronari de Oliveira; Reis, Erika Cardoso dos; Enríquez-Martinez, Oscar Geovanny; Jesus, Tatielle Rocha de; Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi

Carla Moronari de Oliveira Aprelini

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Vitória, ES, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-374X

Erika Cardoso dos Reis

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Nutrição, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-9345

Oscar Geovanny Enríquez-Martinez

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Vitória, ES, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-122X

Tatielle Rocha de Jesus

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, Vitória, ES, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3096

Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Vitória, ES, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-5860

Correspondence
Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina - Av. Marechal Campos, No. 1468, Vitória, ES, Brazil. Postcode: 29047-105. E-mail: mdcarmen2007@gmail.com

Associate Editor

Thaynã Ramos Flores - 0000-0003-0098-1681

Scientific Editor

Taís Freire Galvão - 0000-0003-2072-4834

General Editor

Leila Posenato Garcia - 0000-0003-1146-2641

Authors’ contribution

Aprelini CMO and Martinez OGE collaborated with the conception and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript. Reis EC collaborated with the conception and design of the study, data interpretation, drafting and critical reviewing of the manuscript intellectual content. Jesus TR collaborated with data processing and analysis and drafting of preliminary versions of the manuscript. Molina MCB collaborated with the conception and design of the study, data interpretation and critical reviewing of the manuscript intellectual content. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and have declared themselves to be responsible for all aspects of the work, including ensuring its accuracy and integrity

Variable	2009-2010	2011-2012	2013-2014	2015-2016	2017-2018
Sex
Female	228,580 (69.0)	271,154 (71.7)	340,227 (73.8)	350,494 (72.6)	335,298 (72.8)
Male	102,653 (31.0)	106,793 (28.3)	120,746 (26.2)	132,517 (27.4)	125,463 (27.2)
Region
North	51,270 (15.5)	68,352 (18.1)	83,240 (18.0)	85,829 (17.8)	76,469 (16.6)
Central	77,631 (23.4)	78,272 (20.7)	91,585 (19.9)	90,798 (18.8)	76,433 (16.6)
Metropolitan	124,444 (37.6)	137,895 (36.5)	181,633 (39.4)	195,415 (40.4)	206,218 (44.7)
South	77,888 (23.5)	93,427 (24.7)	104,514 (22.7)	110,970 (23.0)	101,642 (22.1)
Age (years)
0-9	92,814 (28.0)	103,250 (27.4)	123,709 (26.8)	120,599 (25.0)	115,118 (25.0)
10-19	131,058 (39.6)	150,123 (39.7)	186,908 (40.5)	182,320 (37.7)	171,073 (37.2)
20-59	103,637 (31.3)	120,335 (31.8)	145,924 (31.7)	159,528 (33.0)	151,173 (32.8)
≥60	3,723 (1.1)	4,238 (1.1)	4,431 (1.0)	20,565 (4.3)	23,397 (5.0)

Variable	APC^a	95%IC^b	p-value^c	Trend
Male
North region
0-9 years old	2.4	2.3; 2.5	0.139	Stationary
10-19 years old	4.3	4.1; 4.5	0.028	Increasing
20-59 years old	4.4	4.2; 4.7	0.024	Increasing
≥60 years old	-0.1	-0.1; -0.1	0.881	Stationary
Total	6.6	6.0; 7.3	0.002	Increasing
Central region
0-9 years old	2.2	2.2; 2.3	0.164	Stationary
10-19 years old	1.1	1.1; 1.1	0.910	Stationary
20-59 years old	1.2	12; 1.3	0.361	Stationary
≥60 years old	0.7	0.6; 0.8	0.539	Stationary
Total	5.5	5.2; 5.9	0.007	Increasing
Metropolitan region
0-9 years old	3.4	3.2; 3.5	0.062	Stationary
10-19 years old	5.8	5.6; 6.1	0.005	Increasing
20-59 years old	2.6	2.6; 2.7	0.115	Stationary
≥60 years old	4.3	4.1; 4.6	0.026	Increasing
Total	8.6	7.7; 9.5	<0.001	Increasing
South region
0-9 years old	2.5	2.4; 2.7	0.126	Stationary
10-19 years old	6.3	6.0; 6.5	0.003	Increasing
20-59 years old	6.5	6.2; 6.8	0.002	Increasing
≥60 years old	1.1	1.1; 1.1	0.384	Stationary
Total	7.4	6.7; 8.1	<0.001	Increasing
Female
North region
0-9 years old	7.3	6.8; 8.0	<0.001	Increasing
10-19 years old	6.1	5.8; 6.5	0.03	Increasing
20-59 years old	4.2	4.0; 4.4	0.03	Increasing
≥60 years old	3.9	3.7; 4.2	0.038	Increasing
Total	6.7	6.3; 7.1	0.001	Increasing
Central region
0-9 years old	7.3	6.8; 7.8	<0.001	Increasing
10-19 years old	7.7	7.3; 8.2	<0.001	Increasing
20-59 years old	6.5	6.3; 6.7	0.002	Increasing
≥60 years old	3.2	3.0; 3.4	0.074	Stationary
Total	8.6	8.0; 9.2	<0.001	Increasing
Metropolitan region
0-9 years old	7.0	6.4; 7.6	0.001	Increasing
10-19 years old	6.5	6.1; 6.9	0.002	Increasing
20-59 years old	7.3	7.2; 7.4	<0.001	Increasing
≥60 years old	0.5	0.5; 0.5	0.630	Stationary
Total	7.4	7.0; 7.8	<0.001	Increasing
South region
0-9 years old	8.0	7.3; 8.7	<0.001	Increasing
10-19 years old	7.0	6.6; 7.5	0.001	Increasing
20-59 years old	5.5	5.4; 5.7	0.007	Increasing
≥60 years old	1.3	1.3; 1.4	0.327	Stationary
Total	8.5	8.0; 9.0	<0.001	Increasing

Variable	APC^a	95%IC^b	p-value^c	Trend
Male
North region
0-9 years old	4.3	4.1; 4.5	0.027	Increasing
10-19 years old	7.3	6.8; 7.7	0.001	Increasing
20-59 years old	-0.2	-0.2; -0.2	0.818	Stationary
Total	5.9	5.6; 6.4	0.004	Increasing
Central region
0-9 years old	2.7	2.6; 2.9	0.106	Stationary
10-19 years old	7.2	6.9; 7.6	0.001	Increasing
20-59 years old	4.2	3.7; 4,8	0.03	Increasing
Total	6.5	6.2; 6.9	0.002	Increasing
Metropolitan region
0-9 years old	1.9	1.8; 2.0	0.206	Stationary
10-19 years old	3.5	3.3; 3.7	0.057	Stationary
20-59 years old	0.3	0.3; 0.4	0.741	Stationary
Total	4.4	4.2; 4.7	0.023	Increasing
South region
0-9 years old	4.1	3.7; 4.5	0.033	Increasing
10-19 years old	4.9	4.4; 5.3	0.016	Increasing
20-59 years old	7.0	5.7; 8.6	0.001	Increasing
Total	5.1	4.6; 5.6	0.012	Increasing
Female
North region
0-9 years old	7.6	6.8; 8.5	<0.001	Increasing
10-19 years old	8.5	7.7; 9.4	<0.001	Increasing
20-59 years old	8.2	6.9; 9.0	<0.001	Increasing
Total	8.3	7.5; 9.3	<0.001	Increasing
Central region
0-9 years old	5,8	5,2; 6,5	0,005	Increasing
10-19 years old	7,0	6,4; 7,6	0,001	Increasing
20-59 years old	8,6	7,4; 10,0	<0,001	Increasing
Total	8,0	7,0; 9,1	<0,001	Increasing
Metropolitan region
0-9 years old	5.5	5.0; 6.0	0.008	Increasing
10-19 years old	6.7	6.0; 7.5	0.001	Increasing
20-59 years old	8.4	7.5; 9.4	<0.001	Increasing
Total	7.3	6.6; 8.1	<0.001	Increasing
South region
0-9 years old	7.2	6.4; 82	0.001	Increasing
10-19 years old	7.0	6.1; 8.0	0.001	Increasing
20-59 years old	8.5	7.5; 9.6	<0.001	Increasing
Total	8.3	7.3; 9.5	<0.001	Increasing

[1] Correspondence
Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina - Av. Marechal Campos, No. 1468, Vitória, ES, Brazil. Postcode: 29047-105. E-mail: mdcarmen2007@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion