Food consumption markers in women from the rural area of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2017

Silveira, Fernanda de Castro; Susin, Lulie Rosane Odeh; Meucci, Rodrigo Dalke

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Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Brasil

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Original Article • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 29 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000100023 copy

Food consumption markers in women from the rural area of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2017^* * Article derived from the Master’s Degree thesis entitled ‘Food consumption markers in women from a rural area in the far South of Brazil, 2017’, defended by Fernanda de Castro Silveira at the Federal University of Rio Grande Public Health Postgraduate Program in 2018.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to analyze markers of healthy and unhealthy food consumption and associated socio-economic, demographic and behavioral factors in women in the rural area of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.

Methods:

this was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in 2017; outcomes were collected using a Ministry of Health food consumption marker instrument; Poisson regression was used.

Results:

963 women (15-49 years old) were included in the study; previous day consumption frequencies were beans 71.2%; sweetened beverages, 66.1%; fresh fruit, 52.9%; vegetables, 55.1%; filled sweet biscuits/desserts/candies, 35.5%; hamburger/charcuterie 22.5%, and instant noodles/savory biscuits 19.9%; fruit and vegetable consumption was higher in the A/B economic classes; prevalence of unhealthy food consumption was higher among women aged 15-19; women who ate 5/6 meals a day consumed more fresh fruit, vegetables and filled sweet biscuits/desserts/candies.

Conclusion:

appropriate prevalence of healthy consumption markers and moderate prevalence of unhealthy food consumption markers were found.

Keywords:
Food Consumption; Women; Rural Population; Cross-Sectional Studies

Characteristics	n	%
Race/skin color (n=963)
White	828	86.0
Black	59	6.1
Brown/yellow/other	76	7.9
Age range (in years) (n=962)
15-19	117	12.2
20-34	405	42.1
35-49	440	45.7
Marital status (n=963)
Single	181	18.8
Married	738	76.6
Separated/divorced/widowed	44	4.6
Economic classification (ABEPa) (n=958)
A/B	144	15.0
C	648	67.7
D/E	166	17.3
Paid job (n=963)
Yes	353	36.7
No	610	63.3
Alcohol (consumption in last week) (n=963)
Yes	100	10.4
No	863	89.6
Tobacco smoking (n=954)
Nonsmoker	679	71.2
Former smoker	140	14.7
Smoker	135	14.1
Physical activity in leisure time (walking for at least 30 min/day) (n=963)
Yes	266	27.6
No	697	72.4
Number of meals per day (n=954)
1-2	73	7.6
3-4	655	68.7
5-6	226	23.7
Eating watching TV, using computer or cellphone (n=956)
Yes	476	49.8
No	480	50.2
Children living at home (n=953)
Don’t live at home	77	8.1
1-2 children	561	58.9
3 or more	86	9.0
Have no children	229	24.0
Medical appointment(s) in the last year (n=961)
Yes	671	69.8
No	290	30.2

Variables	Beans			Fresh fruit			Greens and/or vegetables
	%	CA^a	AA^b	%	CA^a	AA^b	%	CA^a	AA^b
	%	PRc (95%CI^d)	PRc (95%CI^d)	%	PRc (95%CI^d)	PRc (95%CI^d)	%	PRc (95%CI^d)	PRc (95%CI^d)
Race/skin color		p=0.720^e	p=0.847^e		p=0.645^e	p=0.312^e		p=0.990^e	p=0.981^e
White	70.7	1.00	1.00	52.3	1.00	1.00	55.1	1.00	1.00
Black	72.9	1.03(0.88;1.21)	0.99(0.85;1.17)	57.6	1.10(0.88;1.38)	1.19(0.95;1.49)	54.2	0.98(0.77;1.25)	1.02(0.80;1.31)
Brown/yellow/other	74.7	1.06(0.92;1.21)	1.04(0.90;1.20)	55.3	1.06(0.85;1.31)	1.03(0.83;1.27)	55.3	1.00(0.81;1.24)	1.01(0.83;1.23)
Age range (in years)		p=0.573^f	p=0.299^f		p=0.15^f	p=0.153^f		p=0.04^f	p=0.045^f
15-19	71.9	1.00	1.00	47.4	1.00	1.00	56.6	1.00	1.00
20-34	69.6	0.97(0.85;1.10)	0.96(0.82;1.13)	51.2	1.08(0.87;1.34)	1.10(0.85;1.41)	48.8	0.86(0.71;1.04)	0.88(0.70;1.11)
35-49	72.7	1.01(0.89;1.15)	1.03(0.87;1.22)	55.7	1.18(0.95;1.45)	1.18(0.90;1.54)	60.4	1.07(0.89;1.27)	1.07(0.84;1.38)
Marital status		p=0.960^e	p=0.975^e		p=0.433^e	p=0.866^e		p=0.410^e	p=0.236^e
Single	70.6	1.00	1.00	48.6	1.00	1.00	58.9	1.00	1.00
Married	71.3	1.01(0.91;1.12)	1.01(0.88;1.17)	53.7	1.10(0.94;1.30)	1.05(0.85;1.29)	53.9	0.92(0.80;1.06)	0.86(0.72;1.03)
Separated/divorced/widowed	72.7	1.03(0.84;1.26)	1.02(0.81;1.28)	56.8	1.17(0.87;1.58)	1.09(0.79;1.50)	59.1	1.00(0.76;1.32)	0.93(0.69;1.24)
Economic classification (ABEP^g)		p=0.009^f	p=0.028^f		p<0.001^f	p<0.001^f		p=0.002^f	p<0.001^f
A/B	64.6	0.83(0.72;0.96)	0.86(0.73;1.00)	68.8	1.57(1.28;1.92)	1.47(1.19;1.81)	66.7	1.37(1.12;1.66)	1.39(1.13;1.70)
C	71.0	0.91(0.83;1.00)	0.93(0.84;1.02)	52.0	1.17(0.98;1.43)	1.17(0.97;1.41)	54.1	1.11(0.93;1.32)	1.15(0.97;1.37)
D/E	78.1	1.00	1.00	43.9	1.00	1.00	48.8	1.00	1.00
Paid job		p=0.069	p=0.093		p=0.510	p=0.564		p=0.364	p=0.996
Yes	67.6	0.92(0.85;1.01)	0.92(0.84;1.01)	54.3	1.04(0.92;1.18)	0.96(0.85;1.09)	57.0	1.06(0.94;1.19)	1.00(0.88;1.13)
No	73.3	1.00	1.00	52.1	1.00	1.00	54.0	1.00	1.00
Alcohol (intake in last week)		p=0.295	p=0.266		p=0.083	p=0.192		p=0.536	p=0.397
Yes	66.3	0.92(0.80;1.07)	0.92(0.79;1.07)	43.9	0.81(0.65;1.03)	0.86(0.69;1.08)	52.0	0.94(0.77;1.15)	0.91(0.74;1.12)
No	71.8	1.00	1.00	53.9	1.00	1.00	55.4	1.00	1.00
Tobacco smoking		p=0.353^a	p=0.401^a		p=0.017^a	p=0.085^a		p=0.146^a	p=0.132^a
Nonsmoker	69.8	1.08(0.97;1.20)	1.08(0.96;1.20)	55.3	0.97(0.82;1.15)	1.00(0.85;1.18)	54.4	1.14(0.99;1.32)	1.17(1.00;1.36)
Former smoker	75.2	1.05(0.94;1.17)	1.01(0.89;1.14)	53.9	0.73(0.59;0.91)	0.78(0.63;0.97)	62.1	0.96(0.81;1.14)	1.04(0.86;1.24)
Smoker	73.2	1.00	1.00	40.6	1.00	1.00	52.2	1.00	1.00
Physical activity in leisure time (walking for at least 30 min/day)		p=0.754	p=0.865		p=0.345	p=0.639		p=0.019	p=0.052
Yes	70.5	0.99(0.90;1.08)	0.99(0.91;1.09)	55.3	1.06(0.93;1.21)	1.03(0.91;1.17)	61.0	1.15(1.02;1.30)	1.13(1.00;1.27)
No	71.5	1.00	1.00	52.9	1.00	1.00	52.8	1.00	1.00
Number of meals per day		p=0.901^f	p=0.459^f		p<0.001^f	p<0.001^f		p=0.011^f	p=0.016^f
1-2	74.0	1.00	1.00	39.8	1.00	1.00	52.1	1.00	1.00
3-4	70.6	0.95(0.83;1.10)	0.99(0.85;1.16)	50.5	1.27(0.95;1.70)	1.16(0.87;1.56)	52.6	1.01(0.80;1.27)	0.96(0.76;1.22)
5-6	72.6	0.98(0.84;1.15)	1.03(0.87;1.22)	64.6	1.46(1.21;2.19)	1.46(1.08;1.98)	63.3	1.15(0.95;1.55)	1.15(0.90;1.48)
Eating watching TV, using computer or cellphone		p=0.258	p=0.234		p=0.054	p=0.145		p=0.081	p=0.231
Yes	72.8	1.05(0.97;1.14)	1.05(0.97;1.14)	49.8	0.89(0.79;1.00)	0.91(0.81;1.03)	52.3	0.90(0.80;1.01)	0.93(0.83;1.05)
No	69.5	1.00	1.00	56.0	1.00	1.00	58.0	1.00	1.00
Children living at home		p=0.383^e	p=0.746^e		p=0.380^e	p=0.258^e		p=0.575^e	p=0.567^e
Don’t live at home	72.7	0.98(0.84;1.13)	1.00(0.86;1.16)	59.7	0.87(0.72;1.07)	0.91(0.74;1.11)	55.8	0.99(0.80;1.22)	1.07(0.86;1.32)
1-2	71.0	1.07(0.89;1.28)	1.06(0.89;1.27)	52.2	0.79(0.59;1.05)	0.84(0.63;1.12)	55.2	0.86(0.64;1.16)	0.92(0.69;1.24)
3 or more	77.7	0.94(0.80;1.11)	0.96(0.79;1.17)	47.1	0.92(0.74;1.14)	1.04(0.81;1.33)	48.2	1.03(0.82;1.30)	1.11(0.85;1.45)
Have no children	68.4	1.00	1.00	54.7	1.00	1.00	57.6	1.00	1.00
Medical appointment(s) in the last year		p=0.163	p=0.133		p=0.201	p=0.299		p=0.473	p=0.294
Yes	70.0	0.94(0.87;1.02)	0.94(0.86;1.02)	54.3	1.09(0.95;1.25)	1.07(0.94;1.23)	54.3	0.96(0.85;1.08)	0.94(0.83;1.06)
No	74.3	1.00	1.00	49.7	1.00	1.00	56.8	1.00	1.00

Variables	Hamburger and/or charcuterie			Sweetened drinks
	%	CA^a	AA^b	%	CA^a	AA^b
	%	PR ^c (95%CI^d)	PR ^c (95%CI^d)	%	PR^c (95%CI^d)	PR^c (95%CI^d)
Race/skin color		p=0.677^e	p=0.329^e		p=0.095^e	p=0.177^e
White	22.8	1.00	1.00	66.0	1.00	1.00
Black	23.7	1.04(0.65;1.67)	1.17(0.73;1.87)	76.0	1.16(0.99;1.34)	1.11(0.95;1.29)
Brown/yellow/other	18.4	0.81(0.49;1.32)	0.69(0.40;1.21)	61.0	0.92(0.76;1.11)	0.89(0.73;1.08)
Age range (in years)		p<0.001^f	p<0.001^f		p<0.001^f	p<0.001^f
15-19	31.6	1.00	1.00	77.2	1.00	1.00
20-34	24.4	0.77(0.56;1.07)	0.76(0.49;1.17)	69.4	0.90(0.80;1.01)	0.89(0.76;1.05)
35-49	18.2	0.58(0.41;0.81)	0.55(0.34;0.91)	60.2	0.78(0.69;0.88)	0.80(0.66;0.96)
Marital status		p=0.079^e	p=0.507^e		p=0.030^e	p=0.627^e
Single	27.3	1.00	1.00	74.0	1.00	1.00
Married	22.0	0.81(0.61;1.07)	1.04(0.70;1.53)	65.0	0.88(0.80;0.98)	0.97(0.84;1.11)
Separated/divorced/widowed	11.4	0.42(0.18;0.98)	0.64(0.26;1.57)	57.0	0.77(0.59;1.02)	0.86(0.64;1.16)
Economic classification (ABEP^g)		p=0.061^f	p=0.078^f		p=0.571^f	p=0.905^f
A/B	26.4	1.49(0.97;2.29)	1.34(0.93;1.94)	62.0	0.95(0.80;1.12)	1.01(0.85;1.19)
C	22.7	1.29(0.90;1.84)	1.51(0.97;2.35)	67.0	1.03(0.91;1.17)	1.04(0.92;1.17)
D/E	17.7	1.00	1.00	65.0	1.00	1.00
Paid job		p=0.158	p=0.035		p=0.172	p=0.936
Yes	25.0	1.19(0.94;1.51)	1.32(1.02;1.71)	63.0	0.93(0.85;1.03)	0.99(0.90;1.10)
No	21.1	1.00	1.00	68.0	1.00	1.00
Alcohol (intake in last week)		p=0.035	p=0.040		p=0.613	p=0.994
Yes	30.6	1.42(1.03;1.96)	1.40(1.01;1.94)	68.0	1.04(0.90;1.20)	1.00(0.87;1.15)
No	21.6	1.00	1.00	66.0	1.00	1.00
Tobacco smoking		p=0.535^e	p=0.561^e		p=0.082^e	p=0.010^e
Nonsmoker	23.0	1.06(0.77;1.46)	1.15(0.82;1.61)	64.0	1.09(0.96;1.23)	1.14(1.01;1.30)
Former smoker	24.3	0.83(0.57;1.20)	0.90(0.60;1.34)	70.0	1.13(1.01;1.27)	1.18(1.05;1.33)
Smoker	19.0	1.00	1.00	73.0	1.00	1.00
Physical activity in leisure time (walking for at least 30 min/day)		p=0.786	p=0.830		p=0.118	p=0.165
Yes	23.1	1.04(0.80;1.35)	1.03(0.79;1.34)	62.0	0.92(0.82;1.02)	0.93(0.83;1.03)
No	22.3	1.00	1.00	68.0	1.00	1.00
Number of meals per day		p=0.236^f	p=0.645^f		p=0.497^f	p=0.884^f
1-2	24.7	1.00	1.00	70.0	1.00	1.00
3-4	20.7	0.84(0.55;1.29)	0.76(0.49;1.17)	66.0	0.95(0.81;1.11)	0.96(0.82;1.12)
5-6	27.0	1.09(0.69;1.73)	0.92(0.58;1.47)	65.0	0.93(0.78;1.11)	0.97(0.81;1.15)
Eating watching TV, using computer or cellphone		p=0.077	p=0.108		p=0.002	p=0.018
Yes	24.8	1.24(0.98;1.57)	1.22(0.96;1.57)	71.0	1.16(1.06;1.27)	1.12(1.02;1.23)
No	20.0	1.00	1.00	61.0	1.00	1.00
Children living at home		p=0.213^e	p=0.544^e		p=0.131^e	p=0.148^e
Don’t live at home	15.6	1.37(0.79;2.35)	1.07(0.62;1.85)	60.0	1.09(0.90;1.32)	1.00(0.82;1.21)
1-2	21.3	1.59(0.84;3.00)	1.36(0.72;2.58)	65.0	1.24(0.99;1.55)	1.16(0.93;1.45)
3 or more	24.7	1.68(0.96;2.96)	0.93(0.49;1.78)	74.0	1.16(0.95;1.42)	0.93(0.74;1.18)
Have no children	26.2	1.00	1.00	69.0	1.00	1.00
Medical appointment(s) in the last year		p=0.136	p=0.108		p=0.816	p=0.545
Yes	23.7	1.23(0.94;1.62)	1.26(0.95;1.66)	67.0	1.01(0.92;1.12)	1.03(0.93;1.14)
No	19.2	1.00	1.00	66.0	1.00	1.00

Variables	Instant noodles, salted packet snacks or savory biscuits			Filled sweet biscuits, candies or desserts
	%	CA^a	AA^b	%	CA^a	AA^b
	%	PR^c (95%CI^d)	PR^c (95%CI^d)		PR^c (95%CI^d)	PR^c (95%CI^d)
Race/skin color		p=0.063^e	p=0.0058^e		p=0.334^e	p=0.172^e
White	21.1	1.00	1.00	35.4	1.00	1.00
Black	17.0	0.80(0.45;1.44)	0.78(0.45;1.37)	42.4	1.20(0.88;1.63)	1.30(0.96;1.75)
Brown/Yellow/Other	9.2	0.44(0.21;0.90)	0.45(0.22;0.90)	30.3	0.85(0.60;1.22)	0.89(0.63;1.26)
Age range (in years)		p=0.041^f	p=0.762^f		p<0.001^f	p=0.169^f
15-19	27.2	1.00	1.00	51.8	1.00	1.00
20-34	19.9	0.73(0.51;1.05)	0.92(0.59;1.43)	35.3	0.68(0.55;0.85)	0.81(0.61;1.08)
35-49	17.8	0.65 (0.46;0.94)	0.90(0.55;1.50)	31.2	0.60(0.48;0.76)	0.76(0.55;1.06)
Marital status		p=0.002^e	p=0.111^e		p<0.001^e	p=0.408^e
Single	29.0	1.00	1.00	47.2	1.00	1.00
Married	18.2	0.63(0.48;0.83)	0.69(0.47;1.03)	33.2	0.70(0.58;0.85)	0.85(0.65;1.11)
Separated/divorced/widowed	11.4	0.39(0.17;0.92)	0.46(0.18;1.17)	27.3	0.58(0.35;0.96)	0.74(0.43;1.26)
Economic classification (ABEP^g)		p=0.795^f	p=0.840^f		p=0.038^f	p=0.125^f
A/B	19.6	0.94(0.60;1.48)	0.97(0.62;1.52)	39.6	1.38(1.01;1.89)	1.33(0.97;1.83)
C	19.8	0.95(0.68;1.34)	0.98(0.70;1.38)	36.4	1.27(0.98;1.65)	1.28(0.98;1.66)
D/E	20.7	1.00	1.00	28.7	1.00	1.00
Paid job		p=0.521	p=0.691		p=0.869	p=0.539
Yes	18.8	0.92(0.70;1.20)	0.94(0.71;1.26)	35.8	1.02(0.85;1.21)	1.06(0.88;1.28)
No	20.5	1.00	1.00	35.3	1.00	1.00
Alcohol (intake in last week)		p=0.895	p=0.965		p=0.459	p=0.448
Yes	19.4	0.97(0.63;1.49)	1.01(0.66;1.53)	38.8	1.11(0.85;1.44)	1.10(0.85;1.42)
No	20.0	1.00	1.00	35.1	1.00	1.00
Tobacco smoking		p=0.743^e	p=0.769^e		p=0.061^e	p=0.423^e
Nonsmoker	20.3	0.99(0.68;1.42)	1.13(0.77;1.64)	37.7	0.81(0.62;1.06)	0.92(0.70;1.21)
Former smoker	20.0	0.86(0.58;1.27)	0.96(0.63;1.45)	30.7	0.75(0.56;0.99)	0.83(0.62;1.11)
Smoker	17.4	1.00	1.00	28.3	1.00	1.00
Physical activity in leisure time (walking for at least 30 min/day)		p<0.001	p<0.001		p=0.954	p=0.750
Yes	26.9	1.56(1.21;2.02)	1.62(1.25;2.10)	35.6	1.01(0.83;1.22)	0.97(0.80;1.17)
No	17.2	1.00	1.00	35.4	1.00	1.00
Number of meals per day		p=0.718^f	p=0.698^f		p=0.009^f	p<0.001^f
1 a 2	20.6	1.00	1.00	38.4	1.00	1.00
3 a 4	19.5	0.95(0.59;1.53)	0.91(0.56;1.48)	31.7	0.83(0.60;1.13)	0.80(0.58;1.09)
5 a 6	21.2	1.03(0.62;1.73)	1.01(0.60;1.70)	46.0	1.20(0.87;1.66)	1.19(0.86;1.65)
Eating watching TV, using computer or cellphone		p = 0.049	p = 0.107		p = 0.001	p < 0.001
Yes	22.5	1.29(1.00;1.67)	1.24(0.95;1.61)	40.6	1.33(1.12;1.58)	1.28(1.07;1.53)
No	17.4	1.00	1.00	30.5	1.00	1.00
Children living at home		p=0.203^e	p=0.622^e		p=0.090^e	p=0.365^e
Don’t live at home	13.0	1.50(0.82;2.74)	1.38(0.76;2.48)	23.4	1.45(0.95;2.21)	1.32(0.87;2.01)
1-2	19.5	1.45(0.70;3.00)	1.47(0.72;3.01)	33.9	1.51(0.92;2.48)	1.49(0.92;2.41)
3 or more	18.8	1.85(0.99;3.45)	1.19(0.59;2.37)	35.3	1.86(1.21;2.87)	1.21(0.74;1.97)
Have no children	24.0	1.00	1.00	43.6	1.00	1.00
Medical appointment(s) in the last year		p=0.480	p=0.479		p=0.811	p=0.813
Yes	19.3	0.91(0.69;1.19)	0.90(0.69;1.19)	35.8	1.02(0.85;1.23)	1.02(0.85;1.23)
No	21.3	1.00	1.00	35.0	1.00	1.00

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Fernanda de Castro Silveira - Rua Visconde do Rio Branco No. 250, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Postcode: 96211-010 E-mail: fernandanutri1981@gmail.com