Health conditions and weight change among the older adults over ten years of the <i>SABE</i> Survey

Araujo, Tânia Aparecida de; Oliveira, Isabela Martins; Silva, Tarsila Guimarães Vieira da; Roediger, Manuela de Almeida; Duarte, Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira

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Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 29 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742020000400012 copy

Health conditions and weight change among the older adults over ten years of the SABE Survey^* * Article derived from the Ph.D. thesis written by Tânia Aparecida de Araujo, entitled “Body weight change among the elderly between 2000 and 2010: SABE Study”, submitted to the University of São Paulo Faculty of Public Health and defended in 2019. The SABE study is funded by the São Paulo State Research Support Foundation (FAPESP), grant number 99/05125-7. This paper was produced with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), under number 1570936 – Funding code 001, Ph.D. grant - Araujo TA.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To analyze the relationship between health conditions and weight changes among elderly people monitored by the SABE Survey over a ten-year period in São Paulo/SP.

Methods

This was a longitudinal study that followed (2000-baseline, 2006 and 2010) change in body weight (outcome variable) and associated health conditions (exposure variables) in the elderly (n=571); multinomial logistic regression analyses were employed.

Results

Average weight increase in the evaluated period was 29.0%. 34.0% (2006) and 12.5% (2010) lost weight and 18.2% (2006) and 39.9% (2010) gained weight. Prevalence of chronic diseases increased from 34.1% (2000) to 51.9% (2006) and 60.1% (2010). Older people with weight gain also rated their overall health as poorer in 2006 (RR:3.15; 95%CI 1.21;8.17) and 2010 (RR:2.46; 95%CI 1.02;5.94). The higher numbers of diseases (RR:2.12; 95%CI 1.00;4.46) and hospitalizations (RR:3.50; 95%CI 1.40;8.72) were associated with a decrease in weight in 2010.

Conclusion

Weight changes are related to poorer health status among the elderly.

Aging; Body Weight Changes; Chronic Disease; Nutritional Status; Longitudinal Studies

	2000-2006^b				2006-2010^c

	All participants 2006	Weight stable	Lost weight	Gained weight	Total 2010	Weight stable	Lost weight	Gained weight

	n=571	n=271	n=204	n=96	n=571	n=274	n=83	n=214
Sex
Female	63.5	46.4	35.2	18.4	63.2	43.4	14.0	42.5
Male	36.5	50.2	32.0	17.9	36.8	54.8	9.8	35.4
Schooling (years)
Never studied	15.7	44.9	36.3	18.8	17.2	54.3	14.9	30.8
1-3 years	29.9	48.3	32.2	19.5	31.2	40.6	8.3	51.1*
≥4 years	54.4	48.4	34.3	17.4	51.1	49.7	14.2	36.2
Marital status
Married	51.9	49.7	33.0	17.3	49.3	51.3	11.2	37.5
Not married	48.6	44.3	37.4	18.4	50.7	45.7	13.2	41.1
Number of diseases^d
None or 1	46.9	47.3	48.3	43.1	40.2	42.3	23.2	42.9
≥2 diseases	53.1	52.7	51.7	56.9	59.8	57.7	76.8*	57.1
Hospitalization
No	90.9	91.9	89.0	92.1	85.3	89.5	69.9	85.0
Yes	9.1	8.1	11.0	7.9	14.7	10.5	30.1**	15.0
Self-rated health
Very good, good	47.0	49.7	47.8	38.3	43.8	47.2	38.9	41.3
Regular	45.5	44.2	46.3	47.4	46.6	46.9	39.0	48.8
Poor, very poor	7.5	6.1	5.8	14.3	9.5	5.9	22.1	9.9**
Hypertension
No	33.5	33.9	35.1	27.7	27.8	27.6	15.3	31.9
Yes	66.5	66.1	64.9	70.3	72.2	72.4	84.7	68.1
Diabetes
No	78.0	78.9	74.8	81.9	73.0	72.7	57.1	78.3
Yes	22.0	21.1	25.2	18.1	27.0	27.3	42.9**	21.7
Cancer
No	96.2	95.4	96.8	97.1	91.4	92.7	87.7	90.9
Yes	3.8	4.6	3.2	2.9	8.6	7.3	12.3	9.1
Pulmonary diseases
No	90.0	91.5	91.9	82.5	89.0	87.9	94.6	88.6
Yes	10.0	8.5	8.1	17.5*	11.0	12.1	5.4	11.4
Heart disease
No	78.0	78.6	76.2	79.5	73.2	76.7	66.1	71.3
Yes	22.1	21.4	23.8	20.5	26.8	23.3	33.9	28.7
Stroke/embolism
No	92.3	93.8	91.5	90.0	89.6	90.9	85.5	89.1
Yes	7.7	6.2	8.5	10.0	10.5	9.1	14.5	10.9
Arthropathies
No	62.5	61.7	65.6	58.6	63.2	61.6	63.1	65.1
Yes	37.5	38.3	34.4	41.4	36.8	38.4	36.9	34.9

	2000-2006^c		2006-2010^d

	RR (95%CI)	p-value^b	RR (95%CI)	p-value^b
*Age (continuous)*	1.00 (0.97;1.04)	0.773	1.04 (0.99;1.10)	0.153
Sex
Female	1		1
Male	1.04 (0.63;1.73)	0.871	0.53 (0.24;1.16)	0.110
Schooling
Illiterate	1		1
1-3 years	0.93 (0.48;1.81)	0.840	0.60 (0.22;1.64)	0.318
≥ 4 years	1.04 (0.56;1.91)	0.907	1.14 (0.48;2.71)	0.758
Marital status
Married	1		1
Not married	1.24 (0.77;2.00)	0.382	0.99 (0.47;2.12)	0.988
Number of diseases
None or 1	1		1
≥ 2 diseases	0.95 (0.61;1.48)	0.828	2.12 (1.00;4.46)	0.048*
Hospitalizations
No	1		1
Yes	1.41 (0.69;2.90)	0.348	3.50 (1.40;8.72)	0.007**
Self-rated health
Very good, good	1		1
Regular	1.07 (0.68;1.68)	0.779	0.86 (0.42;1.75)	0.674
Poor, very poor	0.95 (0.38;2.36)	0.905	2.54 (0.95;6.80)	0.064

	2000-2006^c		2006-2010^d

	RR (95%CI)	p-value^b	RR (95%CI)	p-value^b
*Age (continuous)*	0.98 (0.94;1.03)	0.483	0.95 (0.91;0.99)	0.014*
Sex
Female	1		1
Male	0.98 (0.51;191)	0.954	0.72 (0.41;1.26)	0.248
Schooling
Illiterate	1		1
1-3 years	1.38 (0.58;3.30)	0.467	2.18 (1.08;4.41)	0.031*
≥ 4 years	1.25 (0.55;2.84)	0.593	1.19 (0.61;2.35)	0.606
Marital status
Married	1		1
Not married	1.15 (0.61;2.16)	0.663	1.29 (0.75;2.22)	0.349
Number of diseases
None or 1	1		1
≥ 2 diseases	1.31 (0-73;2.33)	0.368	0.84 (0.52;1.36)	0.475
Hospitalizations
No	1		1
Yes	0,72 (0,26;2,01)	0.536	1.68 (0.82;3.43)	0.155
Self-rated health
Very good, good	1		1
Regular	1.40 (0.77;2.54)	0.271	1.29 (0.79;2.11)	0.315
Poor, very poor	3.15 (1.21;8.17)	0.018*	2.46 (1.05;5.94)	0.046*

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[1] Correspondence: Tânia Aparecida de Araujo – Curso de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, No. 1.720, Bloco 2U, Sala 12, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Postcode: 38.405-320 E-mail: tania_araujo@usp.br/tania.araujo@ufu.br