Exogenous pesticide poisoning in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, 2007-2016: spatial distribution and temporal trend in the incidence rate and case fatality ratio of notified cases

Carvalho, Karla Patrício; Corassa, Rafael Belo; Petarli, Glenda Blaser; Cattafesta, Monica; Zandonade, Eliana; Salaroli, Luciane Bresciani

Karla Patrício Carvalho

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-4197

Rafael Belo Corassa

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-7400

Glenda Blaser Petarli

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6828-1238

Monica Cattafesta

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-622X

Eliana Zandonade

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3280

Luciane Bresciani Salaroli

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-0306

Correspondence
Luciane Bresciani Salaroli lucianebresciani@gmail.com

Associate editor

Tatiana Mingote Ferreira de Ázara

Authors’ contribution

Carvalho KP, Corassa RB and Salaroli LB collaborated with data conception, planning, analysis and interpretation, preparation of draft and critical reviewing of the content. Zandonade E collaborated with data analysis and interpretation, and critical reviewing of the content. Cattafesta M and Petarli GB collaborated with data interpretation, drafting and critical reviewing of the content. All authors approved the final versions of the manuscript and are responsible for all its aspects, ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest.

Sociodemographic characteristics	Confirmed cases		Deaths (n)	Case fatality ratio (%)	p-value^b,c
Sociodemographic characteristics	n^a	%	Deaths (n)	Case fatality ratio (%)	p-value^b,c
Sex
Female	950	37.6	29	3.3	0.262
Male	1,574	62.4	62	4.2	0.262
Age group
Child/adolescent	403	16.0	9	2.4	0.001^d
Adult	2,009	79.6	70	3.8
Older adult	112	4.4	12	11.7
Race/skin color
White	956	37.9	47	5.2	0.241^d
Black	183	7.2	4	2.5
Brown	893	35.4	31	3.6
Other (Asian or Indigenous)	21	0.8	-	0.0
Ignored	471	18.7	-	-
Situation in the labor market
With an employment relationship (public servant; formal job (work in the books); co-operative job; temporary job)	310	12.3	10	3.5	0.008^d
Without an employment relationship (casual employment; work off the books; self-employed; employer)	710	28.1	25	3.7
Unemployed	145	5.7	5	3.8
Retired	62	2.5	9	15.5
Others	352	13.9	12	3.7
Ignored	713	28.3	-	-
No information provided	232	9.2	-	-
Residencial area
Urban or peri-urban	1,285	52.3	30	2.6	< 0.001
Rural	1,172	47.7	60	5.4	< 0.001

Exposure characteristics	Confirmed cases		Deaths (n)	Case fatality ratio (%)	p-value^b,c
Exposure characteristics	n^a	%	Deaths (n)	Case fatality ratio (%)	p-value^b,c
Toxic agent group
Pesticide/agricultural use	1,523	60.3	72	5.0	0.005^d
Pesticide/domestic use	220	8.7	2	0.9
Pesticide/public health use	51	2.0	-	0.0
Rodenticide	592	23.5	14	2.7
Veterinary product	138	5.5	3	2.4
Place where exposure occured
Residence	1,573	62.3	64	4.4	0.001^d
Work environment or commuting to work	616	24.4	8	1.3
Outside environment	64	2.6	4	6.8
Other (health services; school/daycare; other)	49	1.9	2	4.3
Ignored	179	7.1	-	-
No information provided	43	1.7	-	-
Exposure zone
Urban or peri-urban	1,003	39.8	26	2.8	0.009^d
Rural	965	38.2	48	5.3
Ignored	23	0.9	-	-
No information provided	533	21.1	-	-
Contamination/exposure circumstances
Normal use	229	9.1	2	0.9	< 0.001
Accidental	695	27.5	4	0.6
Environmental	169	6.7	0	0.0
Suicide attempt	1,224	48.5	85	7.7
Other (daycare; health services; outside environment; other)	156	6.2	-	0.0
Ignored	40	1.6	-	-
No information provided	11	0.4	-	-
Type of exposure
Acute-single	2,022	80.1	72	3.8	0.043^d
Acute-repetitive	175	6.9	4	2.5
Chronic or acute on top of chronic	22	0.9	3	15.0
Ignored	234	9.3	-	-
No information provided	71	2.8	-	-
Exposure route
Digestive tract	1,547	61.3	82	5.9	< 0.001^d
Skin	226	9.0	1	0.5
Respiratory tract	626	24.8	3	0.5
Other (ocular; parenteral; vaginal; transplacental; other)	29	1.1	-	0.0
Ignored	7	0.3	-	-
No information provided	89	3.5	-	-
Exposure resulting from work
Yes	744	29.5	4	0.6	< 0.001
No	1,591	63.0	77	5.3
Ignored	132	5.2	-	-
No information provided	57	2.3	-	-
Agronomic classification of pesticides
Fungicide	88	3.5	4	4.7	0.127^d
Fungicide/insecticide	36	1.4	-	0.0
Herbicide	675	26.8	35	5.5
Insecticide	798	31.6	28	3.7
Rodenticide	674	26.7	17	2.9
No information provided	253	10.0	-	-
Chemical group of pesticides
Bipyridyl	66	2.6	18	34.6	< 0.001^d
Carbamate	565	22.4	16	3.2
Coumarin	56	2.2	-	0.0
N-substituted glycine	431	17.1	5	1.2
Benzofuranyl methylcarbamate	150	5.9	4	2.7
Organophosphate	94	3.7	4	4.4
Pyrethroid	161	6.4	1	0.6
Other	399	15.8	-	-
No information provided	602	23.9	-	-

[1] Correspondence
Luciane Bresciani Salaroli lucianebresciani@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Exogenous pesticide poisoning in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, 2007-2016: spatial distribution and temporal trend in the incidence rate and case fatality ratio of notified cases

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: