Abstract
In this paper we evaluated the world rice market behavior in terms of production, imports and exports, considering 1990 to 2019. We estimated concentration indices (concentration ratios of the two biggest (CR2), five biggest (CR5) and ten biggest (CR10) players, concentration quarters and Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index) and growth rates, we calculated medium-term projections and proposed an index representing the presence of countries in this market. Rice production in the world showed high levels of concentration in 1990 (CR2 58%, CR5 75%, CR10 87%, HHI >1800) and it became less concentrated in 2000 and 2010 (HHI between 1400 and 1550), reaching in 2019 CR2 of 51%, CR5 of 71%, CR10 of 84% and HHI of 1508. The word rice imports, which was highly concentrated in 1990 (CR2 56%, CR5 79%, CR10 94%, HHI 1830), underwent a dispersion process over time, reaching moderate levels of concentration in 2019 (CR2 42%, CR5 61%, CR10 80% and HHI 1152). World rice exports showed high levels of concentration in a few countries (CR2 >70%, CR5 >85%, CR10 >90%, HHI >3000). The highest scores of presences in the world rice market were from China, India, Indonesia, Thailand and United States.
Keywords:
rice production; rice trade; rice imports; rice exports