Factors associated to quality of life in people with intestinal stomas

Cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with people with intestinal stoma. An instrument was used for sociodemographic and clinical characterization: COH-QOL-OQ, validated in Brazil.

Results:

The sample included 152 people with stomas. There were significant differences among all dimensions (p-value < 0.01) of quality of life. The dimension spiritual well-being had the highest mean, with 6.69 (±1.56), followed by the psychological well-being dimension, 5.00 (±1.94), social well-being, 4.63 (±1.83), and physical well-being, 4.54 (±1.77). Marital status, religion, type of stoma, and permanence had statistically significant associations with dimensions of quality of life (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The assessment of quality of life in people with intestinal stoma presented lower scores in the physical, social, and psychological dimensions. There was an association between better quality of life scores and people with definitive ileostomy, in a domestic partnership and practicing other religions.

DESCRIPTORS
Ostomy; Quality of Life; Nursing Care

Variables	Categories	n (%)
Gender	Female	75 (49.3)
	Male	77 (50.7)
	White	52 (34.8)
	Brown	74 (48.7)
Race	Black	21 (13.8)
	Other	5 (3.3)
	Married	74 (48.7)
	Single	38 (25.0)
Marital status	Widow(er)	16 (10.5)
	Domestic partnership	8 (5.3)
	No children	26 (17.1)
	1	28 (18.4)
	2	36 (23.7)
Number of children	3	25 (16.4)
	+3	37 (24.4)
	No income	47 (4.6)
	1 MW	75 (49.3)
Income (MW)	2 to 3	46 (30.3)
	+3	27 (17.8)
	Uneducated	10 (6.6)
	Literate	23 (15.1)
Education level	Primary school	47 (30.9)
	Secondary school	56 (36.9)
	College	16 (10.5)
	Catholic	97 (63.8)
	Evangelical	42 (27.6)
Religion	Others	3 (2.0)
	None	10 (6.6)
	Colostomy	120 (78.9)
Type of stoma	Iieostomy	32 (21.1)
	Yes	116 (76.3)
Complications	No	36 (23.7)
	Definitive	78 (51.3)
Permanence criterion	Temporary	74 (48.7)
	Undergoing	28 (18.4)
Chemotherapy	Underwent	58 (38.2)
	None	61 (40.1)
	Undergoing	6 (3.9)
Radiotherapy	Underwent	53 (34.9)
	None	87 (57.2)

		Means (Standard Deviation)
Variables		Physical	Psychological	Social	Spiritual	Total
Gender	Male	4.68 (1.82)	5.11 (1.85)	4.63 (1.62)	6.90 (1.54)	5.13 (1.51)
	Female	4.39 (1.72)	4.89 (2.05)	4.62 (2.04)	6.48 (1.5)	4.95 (1.63)
	p-value	0.396² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.496¹ 1 t Student test	0.116² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.098¹ 1 t Student test	0.466¹ 1 t Student test
	Up to 59	4.49 (1.71)	4.48 (1.99)	4.47 (1.79)	4.91 (1.89)	4.93 (1.55)
Age (years)	Over 60	4.88 (1.99)	5.23 (1.86)	4.91 (1.89)	6.64 (1.54)	5.24 (1.59)
	p-value	0.940² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.284¹ 1 t Student test	0.116² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.585¹ 1 t Student test	0.249¹ 1 t Student test
	Married	4.64 (1.84)	5.16 (1.89)	4.70 (1.76)	6.92 (1.62)	5.18 (1.55)
	Single	4.41 (1.82)	4.86 (1.92)	4.26 (1.80)	6.64 (1.45)	4.82 (1.63)
	Divorced	4.44 (1.69)	5.03 (2.27)	5.44 (2.11)	6.63 (1.37)	5.25 (1.73)
Marital status	Widow(er)	4.13 (1.68)	4.00 (1.82)	3.56 (1.21)	5.83 (1.67)	4.21 (1.34)
	Domestic partnership	5.23 (1.33)	6.21 (1.56)	6.18 (1.52)	6.70 (1.12)	6.03 (0.64)
	p-value	0.465³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis	0.008⁴ 4 ANOVA ^* * p-value < 0.05.	0.002³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis ^* * p-value < 0.05.	0.161⁴ 4 ANOVA	0.049⁴ 4 ANOVA ^* * p-value < 0.05.
	No income	5.75 (2.06)	5.17 (2.01)	4.50 (2.67)	6.75 (1.80)	5.39 (1.79)
	1 MW	4.56 (1.78)	5.05 (1.94)	4.88 (1.84)	6.80 (1.41)	5.16 (1.56)
Income	2 to 3	4.26 (1.75)	4.71 (2.10)	4.44 (1.81)	6.35 (1.78)	4.75 (1.62)
	+3	4.76 (1.75)	5.36 (1.73)	4.26 (1.70)	6.96 (1.49)	5.16 (1.49)
	p-value	0.323³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis	0.583⁴ 4 ANOVA	0.518³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis	0.342⁴ 4 ANOVA	0.508⁴ 4 ANOVA
	Uneducated	5.16 (2.37)	4.84 (2.36)	5.07 (2.47)	6.71 (1.89)	5.29 (2.15)
	Literate	4.30 (1.67)	4.41 (2.07)	4.79 (2.08)	6.27 (1.85)	4.79 (1.61)
	Primary school	4.31 (1.76)	4.83 (1.85)	4.53 (1.71)	6.38 (1.34)	4.83 (1.50)
Education level	Secondary school	4.71 (1.79)	5.26 (1.97)	4.57 (1.83)	6.98 (1.55)	5.21 (1.60)
	College	4.54 (1.55)	5.56 (1.61)	4.58 (1.50)	7.17 (1.29)	5.29 (1.22)
	p-value	0.497³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis	0.306⁴ 4 ANOVA	0.986³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis	0.131⁴ 4 ANOVA	0.613⁴ 4 ANOVA
	Catholic	4.55 (1.99)	5.13 (2.05)	4.74 (2.00)	6.62 (1.60)	5.10 (1.72)
	Evangelical	4.26 (1.34)	4.48 (1.63)	4.52 (1.52)	7.09 (1.23)	4.86 (1.23)
Religion	Others	6.97 (1.32)	7.95 (0.24)	5.50 (0.50)	8.48 (0.08)	7.10 (0.30)
	None	4.84 (1.81)	5.08 (1.48)	3.72 (1.25)	5.21 (1.48)	4.66 (1.14)
	p-value	0.571³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis	0.015⁴ 4 ANOVA ^* * p-value < 0.05.	0.675³ 3 Kruskal-Wallis	0.001⁴ 4 ANOVA ^* * p-value < 0.05.	0.463⁴ 4 ANOVA

Variables	Means (Standard Deviation)
Variables	Physical	Psychological	Social	Spiritual	Total
Type of stoma	Colostomy	4.37 (1.73)	4.90 (1.86)	4.53 (1.81)	6.61 (1.58)	4.93 (1.54)
	Ileostomy	5.14 (1.83)	5.38 (2.24)	5.00 (1.91)	6.97 (1.45)	5.47 (1.62)
	p-value	0.031² 2 Mann-Whitney ^* * Valor-p < 0,05.	0.188² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.191¹ 1 Teste-t Student	0.247¹ 1 Teste-t Student	0.079¹ 1 Teste-t Student
Complication	Yes	4.38 (1.72)	4.89 (1.98)	4.55 (1.89)	6.70 (1.59)	4.95 (1.60)
	No	5.14 (1.90)	5.33 (1.89)	4.85 (1.73)	6.55 (1.53)	5.35 (1.52)
	p-value	0.056² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.334² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.433¹ 1 Teste-t Student	0.624¹ 1 Teste-t Student	0.213¹ 1 Teste-t Student
Permanence criterion	Definitive	4.70 (2.00)	5.50 (1.94)	5.10 (1.92)	6.71 (1.55)	5.38 (1.60)
	Temporary	4.36 (1.49)	4.48 (1.83)	4.13 (1.60)	6.67 (1.57)	4.68 (1.46)
	p-value	0.425² 2 Mann-Whitney	0.002² 2 Mann-Whitney ^* * Valor-p < 0,05.	0.001¹ 1 Teste-t Student ^* * Valor-p < 0,05.	0.855¹ 1 Teste-t Student	0.006¹ 1 Teste-t Student ^* * Valor-p < 0,05.

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Iraktânia Vitorino Diniz Rua Golfo da California, 90 CEP 58102-100 – Cabedelo, PB, Brazil iraktania@hotmail.com