Religious coping and hope in chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial

Eloia, Suzana Mara Cordeiro; Ximenes, Maria Aline Moreira; Eloia, Sara Cordeiro; Galindo Neto, Nelson Miguel; Barros, Lívia Moreira; Caetano, Joselany Áfio

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2020-0368

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 55 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2020-0368 copy

Religious coping and hope in chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial^* * Extracted from the dissertation “Efeitos da prece sobre pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise: ensaio clínico randomizado”, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, 2019.

Estrategias de afrontamiento religioso y de esperanza en la enfermedad renal crónica: estudio controlado randomizado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of prayer on religious/spiritual coping and on the hope of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Method:

Randomized, controlled and blinded clinical trial, carried out in a dialysis unit, with a total of 62 patients undergoing hemodialysis – 31 participants in intervention group and 31 in the control group. Intercession prayer was applied three times, in alternate weeks, during hemodialysis sessions. Differences between groups in the outcome of the effect of prayer on religious/spiritual coping and hope were analyzed.

Results:

Participants used positive coping at high mean scores in both groups (control – 3.62 and intervention – 3.26) and negative coping had little use (control – 1.66 and intervention – 1.47). The use of total coping was between 2.35 and 2.48 in the intervention group (p = 0.015). Hope variables were better in the intervention group: optimism (p = 0.001), short- and long-term plans (p = 0.004), remembering happy moments (p = 0.039) and valuing life (p = 0.050).

Conclusion:

The use of prayer promotes an increase in religious/spiritual coping and hope. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-4pphkf.

DESCRIPTORS
Renal Insufficiency; Renal Dialysis; Spirituality; Nephrology Nursing

Variables	M0				p^† †Friedman test.
	Control		Intervention
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
1. I’m optimistic about life	3.65	0.755	3.68	0.541	0.706
2. I have short- and long-term plans	3.48	0.890	3.26	1.064	0.391
3. I feel very alone	3.45	0.810	3.52	0.926	0.522
4. I can see possibilities where there are difficulties	3.39	0.919	3.61	0.667	0.362
5. My faith comforts me	3.90	0.301	3.97	0.180	0.305
6. I’m afraid of my future	3.52	0.811	3.29	1.101	0.652
7. I can remember happy and pleasant times	3.71	0.461	3.71	0.783	0.305
8. I feel very strong	3.55	0.675	3.77	0.425	0.155
9. I feel capable of giving and receiving affection/love	3.87	0.341	3.87	0.341	1.000
10. I know where I want to go	3.65	0.709	3.81	0.477	0.340
11. I believe in the value of each day	3.87	0.341	3.90	0.301	0.691
12. I feel that my life has value and usefulness	3.94	0.250	3.84	0.374	0.232

Variables	Control			p^† †Friedman test.	Intervention			p^† †Friedman test.
Variables	M0	M1	M2	p^† †Friedman test.	M0	M1	M2	p^† †Friedman test.
1. I’m optimistic about life	3.74	3.71	3.87	0.097	3.71	3.74	3.97	0.001
2. I have short- and long-term plans	3.42	3.42	3.61	0.027	3.35	3.48	3.74	0.004
3. I feel very alone	3.65	3.65	3.74	0.717	3.42	3.58	3.74	0.178
4. I can see possibilities where there are difficulties	3.32	3.32	3.68	0.011	3.55	3.71	3.74	0.273
5. My faith comforts me	3.94	3.94	4.00	0.368	3.94	3.90	4.00	0.097
6. I’m afraid of my future	3.58	3.58	3.87	0.103	3.23	3.45	3.42	0.310
7. I can remember happy and pleasant times	3.68	3.71	3.90	0.030	3.71	3.87	3.90	0.039
8. I feel very strong	3.39	3.65	3.77	0.009	3.77	3.71	3.90	0.135
9. I feel capable of giving and receiving affection/love	3.94	3.97	3.97	0.779	3.87	3.94	3.97	0.097
10. I know where I want to go	3.87	3.84	3.84	0.882	3.84	3.90	3.97	0.091
11. I believe in the value of each day	3.87	3.97	3.97	0.050	3.87	3.94	4.00	0.050
12. I feel that my life has value and usefulness	3.87	3.94	3.94	0.368	3.87	3.94	4.00	0.050
Total Herth Scale Score	44.26	44.68	46.16	0.001	44.13	45.16	46.35	0.000

Religious/Spiritual Coping	M0		p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	M2		p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	M2–M0^* †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.
Religious/Spiritual Coping	CG	IG	p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	CG	IG	p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	CG	IG
Total RSC	2.57	2.35	0.418	2.64	2.48	0.116	0.001	0.015
Positive RSC (PRSC)	3.17	2.94	0.294	3.62	3.26	0.105	0.000	0.000
Negative RSC (NRSC)	1.70	1.63	0.668	1.66	1.47	0.451	0.269	0.258
NRSC/PRSC ratio	0.54	0.575	0.569	0.48	0.500	0.773	0.000	0.000

RSC variables	M0		p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	M2		p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	M2–M0^* †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.
RSC variables	CG	IG	p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	CG	IG	p^† †Mann Whitney test; *Wilcoxon test.	CG	IG
Negative factors
N1 – Negative reevaluation of God	1.00	1.00	0.654	1.00	1.00	0.535	0.025	0.007
N2 – Negative positioning towards God	2.33	2.66	0.404	2.33	2.66	0.196	0.360	0.507
N3 – Negative reevaluation of meaning	2.33	1.33	0.114	2.00	1.00	0.016	0.564	0.151
N4 – Dissatisfaction with the other institutional	1.00	1.00	0.357	1.00	1.00	0.298	0.076	0.008
Positive factors
P1 – Transformation of you and/or your life	3.55	3.22	0.126	4.00	3.55	0.030	0.000	0.000
P2 – Actions in search of spiritual help	2.20	2.20	0.471	3.00	2.40	0.363	0.000	0.000
P3 – Offering help to people	3.40	3.20	0.067	4.00	3.60	0.046	0.016	0.010
P4 – Positive positioning towards God	3.00	3.20	0.897	3.40	3.40	0.803	0.103	0.031
P5 – Actions in search of the other institutional	3.25	3.25	0.428	3.75	3.50	0.566	0.014	0.008
P6 – Personal search for spiritual knowledge	2.33	2.33	0.788	3.00	2.33	0.179	0.000	0.109
P7 – Getting away from God, religion and/or spirituality	4.00	4.33	0.604	4.66	4.33	0.726	0.010	0.078

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Maria Aline Moreira Ximenes, Alexandre Baraúna Street, 1115, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-160 – Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, aline.ximenes11@hotmail.com