Religiosity, spirituality, and self-esteem in adolescents with cleft lip and palate: a correlational study

Cunha, Gabriela Fávaro Marques da; Manso, Maila Meryellen Ferreira Garcia; Villela, Maria Júlia Costa de Souza; Bom, Gesiane Cristina; Mondini, Cleide Carolina da Silva Demoro; Trettene, Armando dos Santos

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Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 55 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2020030503782 copy

Religiosity, spirituality, and self-esteem in adolescents with cleft lip and palate: a correlational study^* * Extracted from the dissertation: “Religiosidade, espiritualidade e autoestima em adolescentes com fissura de lábio e palato uni e bilateral: estudo correlacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo, 2020.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between religiosity, spirituality, and self-esteem in adolescents with uni- and bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Method

Correlational and cross-sectional study developed in a public and tertiary hospital in Brazil between July 2018 and February 2019. The sample comprised 100 adolescents divided into two groups: G1 (unilateral cleft, 50 participants) and G2 (bilateral cleft, 50 participants). For data collection, three instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, DUREL Religion index, Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Statistical analysis was performed with the tests Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, Pearson Correlation, and analysis of linear correlation strength, with a 5% significance level (p ≥ 0.05).

Results

Only organizational religiosity was higher in G1 when compared with G2 (p = 0.03). The overall self-esteem was satisfactory for both groups; however, there was no significant difference between them (p = 0.34). No correlation between religiosity and spirituality with self-esteem were identified for G1 and G2.

Conclusion

The adolescents with uni- or bilateral cleft lip and palate presented high levels of religiosity, spirituality, and self-esteem. However, no correlation between these variables was identified.

Religion; Spirituality; Self Concept; Adolescent; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate

Variable		G1		G2		p-value
Variable		N	%	N	%	p-value
Sex*	Male	36	72	34	68	0.82
Sex*	Female	14	28	16	32	0.82
Education*	Incomplete Higher Education	5	10	1	2	0.09
	Complete Secondary Education	6	12	2	4
	Incomplete Secondary Education	20	40	19	38
	Incomplete Primary Education	19	38	28	56
Marital/affective status*	Single	43	86	42	84	0.60
	Dating	7	14	7	14
	Married	-	-	1	2
Socioeconomic status*	Lower-low	9	18	8	16	0.77
	Higher-low	33	66	35	70
	Middle-low	7	14	7	14
	Middle	1	2	-	-
Religion*	Protestant	21	42	21	42	0.35
	Catholic	20	40	22	44
	Atheist/Agnostic/Irreligious	9	18	5	10
	Spiritist	-	-	2	4
Employment bond*	No	39	78	42	84	0.61
Employment bond*	Yes	11	22	8	16	0.61

Variable		N	Median	Q1§	Q3\|\|	Mean	Standard deviation	p-value
Organizational Religiosity†	G1	50	2.0	1.0	4.0	2.5	1.8	0.03‡
Organizational Religiosity†	G2	50	3.0	2.0	4.0	3.0	1.6	0.03‡
Non-Organizational Religiosity†	G1	50	2.0	2.0	5.0	3.0	1.7	0.11
Non-Organizational Religiosity†	G2	50	3.0	2.0	5.0	3.5	1.8	0.11
Spirituality†	G1	50	5.0	4.0	8.0	6.1	3.0	0.64
Spirituality†	G2	50	5.0	4.0	8.0	5.7	2.4	0.64

Variable		N	Median	Q1§	Q3\|\|	Mean	Standard deviation	p-value
Positive self-esteem†	G1	50	17.0	15.0	18.0	16.3	2.3	0.18
Positive self-esteem†	G2	50	15.5	13.8	18.0	15.5	2.8	0.18
Negative self-esteem†	G1	50	16.0	11.8	18.0	14.6	3.9	0.92
Negative self-esteem†	G2	50	14.5	11.0	18.0	14.3	4.4	0.92
Overall self-esteem†	G1	50	32.0	27.0	35.0	31.1	5.3	0.34
Overall self-esteem†	G2	50	30.0	24.8	35.0	29.7	6.5	0.34

Correlation variable	r	Correlation	p-value
Organizational Religiosity¶
Positive self-esteem	-0.12	Weak	0.39
Negative self-esteem	-0.10	Weak	0.48
Overall self-esteem	-0.12	Weak	0.39
Non-Organizational Religiosity¶
Positive self-esteem	-0.23	Weak	0.10
Negative self-esteem	-0.20	Weak	0.17
Overall self-esteem	-0.23	Weak	0.24
Spirituality¶
Positive self-esteem	-0.23	Weak	0.10
Negative self-esteem	-0.03	Weak	0.82
Overall self-esteem	-0.11	Weak	0.44

Correlation variable	r	Correlation	p-value
Organizational Religiosity¶
Positive self-esteem	-0.14	Weak	0.32
Negative self-esteem	-0.10	Weak	0.48
Overall self-esteem	-0.15	Weak	0.29
Non-Organizational Religiosity¶
Positive self-esteem	-0.31	Weak	0.06
Negative self-esteem	-0.10	Weak	0.47
Overall self-esteem	-0.21	Weak	0.14
Spirituality¶
Positive self-esteem	-0.24	Weak	0.09
Negative self-esteem	-0.21	Weak	0.15
Overall self-esteem	-0.26	Weak	0.07

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Armando dos Santos Trettene Rua Silvio Marchione 3-20, Vila Nova Universitária CEP 17012-900 – Bauru, SP, Brazil armandotrettene@usp.br