Religious and spiritual support in the conception of nurses and families of critical patients: a cross-sectional study

Santos, Petherson Mendonça dos; Rodrigues, Kirliane de Sousa; Pinheiro, Lucas Andrade; Santana, Breno de Sousa; Ipólito, Michelle Zampieri; Magro, Marcia Cristina da Silva

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2020-0508

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 55 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2020-0508 copy

Religious and spiritual support in the conception of nurses and families of critical patients: a cross-sectional study^* * Extracted from the Term Paper: “Influência do suporte espiritual/religioso no cenário do paciente crítico para familiares e enfermeiros”, Universidade de Brasília, 2020.

Soporte religioso y espiritual en la concepción de enfermeros y familiares de pacientes críticos: estudio transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To assess the religious and spiritual support in critical care according to the conception of patients' family members and nurses.

Method:

This is a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with nurses and relatives of patients admitted to intensive care units. Sociodemographic data were collected and a questionnaire on religiosity and spirituality was applied to family members and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale to nurses. The results with p ≤ 0.05 were significant.

Results:

Sample consisted of intensive care nurses (n = 22) and family members (n = 61). Intensive care nurses stated that they can provide spiritual care (p = 0.03). Of the family members, 88.5% believed that religiosity and spirituality help in coping with difficult times, highlighting prayer as part of care for critically ill patients (p = 0.02).

Conclusion:

Nurses and family members recognized religious/spiritual support as significant to the process of caring for critically ill patients, even though professional qualification is required for greater integration of this support in daily intensive care.

DESCRIPTORS
Intensive Care Units; Family; Spirituality; Humanization of Assistance; Nursing

Variable	Nurses group (n = 22)		Variable	Family group (n = 61)
Variable	n (%)	Median (25-75)	Variable	n (%)	Median (25-75)
Sex			Sex
Female	17 (77.3)	-	Female	37 (60.7)	-
Male	5 (22.7)	-	Male	24 (39.3)	-
Age (years)	-	35 (31-38)	Age	-	39 (35-49)
Position/Function			Occupation
Care nurse	17 (77.3)	-	Unemployed	15 (24.6)	-
Resident nurse	4 (18.2)	-	Teacher	6 (9.8)	-
Chief/Supervisor	1 (4.5)	-	Nursing technician	5 (8.2)	-
Time of experience in the ICU^a	-	7.0 (1.8-9.3)	Others	35 (57.3)	-
Length of experience in the profession^a	-	10 (6.5-14)	Degree of kinship
Education institution			Son	22 (36.1)	-
Public	9 (40.9)	-	Brother	12 (19.7)	-
Private	13 (59.1)	-	Others	27 (44.2)	-
Acting shift			Marital status
Morning	2 (9.1)	-	Single	15 (24.6)	-
Afternoon	1 (4.5)	-	Married and common-law marriage	42 (68.8)	-
Night	2 (9.1)	-	Others	4 (6.6)	-
Morning, afternoon and night	7 (31.8)	-	Level of education
Afternoon and night	3 (13.6)	-	High school diploma	23 (37.7)	-
Morning and afternoon	7 (31.8)	-	Higher education degree	25 (40.9)	-
Credit hours (hours)	-	40 (20-49)	Others	13 (21.3)	-

Questions	Sex		p-value^*
	Male (n = 5)	Female (n = 17)
	Median (25-75)	Median (25-75)
Qa I believe nurses can provide spiritual care by arranging for a visit from the hospital chaplain or the patient's own religious leader, if requested.	4 (4-5)	4 (3-5)	0.9
Qb I believe nurses can provide spiritual care by showing kindness, concern, and joy in the care.	4 (4-4)	5 (4-5)	0.048
Qg I believe nurses can provide spiritual care by dedicating time to the patient, giving and ensuring support, especially in times of need.	4 (3-4)	5 (4-5)	0.1
Qk I believe nurses can provide spiritual care by listening and allowing patients and their families time to discuss and explore their fears, anxieties, and problems.	4 (4-4)	4 (4-5)	0.9
Qn I believe nurses can provide spiritual care while respecting patients' privacy, dignity, and religious and cultural beliefs.	4 (4-5)	5 (4-5)	0.5

Questions	TD	D	NS	A	TA
Questions	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Q1 Religious/spiritual support is a source of support for me, my family, and my relative, who is experiencing this disease.	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.6)	7 (11.5)	53 (86.9)
Q2 The visit of a spiritual provider (priest, pastor, mentor, among others) according to my family member's religious beliefs could bring comfort to me and to my relative.	2 (3.3)	2 (3.3)	4 (6.6)	8 (13.1)	45 (73.8)
Q3 The nurses who are taking care of my family member have addressed spiritual/religious support for my family member or me during this period of hospitalization.	44 (72.1)	1 (1.6)	11 (18.0)	3 (4.9)	2 (3.3)
Q4 The nurses in this unit provide emotional support, with compassionate presence and empathetic behavior, listening carefully to my fears, pains, anxieties and dreams, and give me the opportunity to express feelings such as sadness, anger, regret, among others.	5 (8.2)	5 (8.2)	13 (21.3)	17 (27.9)	21 (34.4)
Q5 I believe that religiosity/spirituality helps in facing difficult times.	1 (1.6)	0 (0.0)	2 (3.3)	4 (6.6)	54 (88.5)
Q6 I consider prayer part of care.	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	5 (8.2)	56 (91.8)
Q7 I believe that the spiritual/religious support approach brings the multidisciplinary team closer to the family.	2 (3.3)	3 (4.9)	3 (4.9)	14 (23.0)	39 (63.9)
Q8 Have a place inside the hospital for prayer/spiritual practice (e.g. chapel) that brings me comfort during my family member's hospital stay.	5 (8.2)	2 (3.3)	3 (4.9)	5 (8.2)	45 (75.0)

Questions	Religion		p-value*
	Catholic (n = 32)	Protestant(n = 21)
	Median (25-75)	Median (25-75)
Q1 Religious/spiritual support is a source of support for me, my family, and my relative, who is experiencing this disease.	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	0.9
Q2 The visit of a spiritual provider (priest, pastor, mentor, among others) according to my family member)s religious beliefs could bring comfort to me and to my relative.	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	0.7
Q3 The nurses who are taking care of my family member have addressed spiritual/religious support for my family member or me during this period of hospitalization.	1 (1-2)	1 (1-1)	0.8
Q4 The nurses in this unit provide emotional support, with compassionate presence and empathetic behavior, listening carefully to my fears, pains, anxieties and dreams, and give me the opportunity to express feelings such as sadness, anger, regret, among others.	4 (3-5)	4 (3-5)	0.9
Q5 I believe that religiosity/spirituality helps in facing difficult times.	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	0.7
Q6 I consider prayer part of care.	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	0.8
Q7 I believe that the spiritual/religious support approach brings the multidisciplinary team closer to the family.	5 (4-5)	5 (4-5)	0.1
Q8 Have a place inside the hospital for prayer/spiritual practice (e.g. chapel) that brings me comfort during my family member's hospital stay.	5 (5-5)	5 (3-5)	0.06

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Breno de Sousa Santana, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, S/N, 70.910-900 – Brasília, DF, Brazil, bresousas@outlook.com

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Religious and spiritual support in the conception of nurses and families of critical patients: a cross-sectional study* * Extracted from the Term Paper: “Influência do suporte espiritual/religioso no cenário do paciente crítico para familiares e enfermeiros”, Universidade de Brasília, 2020.

Soporte religioso y espiritual en la concepción de enfermeros y familiares de pacientes críticos: estudio transversal

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion: