Letramento em saúde e qualidade de vida entre pessoas em áreas semiurbanas e urbanas

Cevik, Celalettin; Kayabek, İbrahim

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 56 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0495 copiar

Letramento em saúde e qualidade de vida entre pessoas em áreas semiurbanas e urbanas

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo:

investigar o nível de letramento em saúde, qualidade de vida e fatores relacionados em áreas semiurbanas e urbanas.

Método:

este estudo transversal foi realizado entre dezembro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019 com 595 participantes. As variáveis encontradas significativas na análise de regressão bivariada foram incluídas na análise de regressão multivariada.

Resultados:

de acordo com os escores obtidos na Health Literacy Scale, os níveis de letramento em saúde dos participantes de 76,5% estavam adequados. Os fatores que afetaram a pontuação da Health Literacy Scale em áreas semiurbanas foram escolaridade, renda, presença de doença crônica, percepção de saúde e compreender as informações de saúde fornecidas. Os fatores que afetaram a pontuação da Health Literacy Scale em áreas urbanas foram idade, estado civil, hábitos de leitura, presença de doença crônica e compreender as informações de saúde fornecidas (p < 0,05). Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os participantes que vivem em áreas semiurbanas e urbanas em termos de letramento em saúde e níveis de qualidade de vida (p < 0,001).

Conclusão:

o nível de letramento em saúde foi inadequado em três dos dez participantes, sendo ainda menor nas áreas semiurbanas.

DESCRİTORES
Letramento em Saúde; Qualidade de Vida; População Suburbana; Área Urbana

Sociodemographic characteristics	Semi-urban area n %*	Urban area n %*
Sex
Women	106 (37.1)	170 (55.0)
Men	180 (62.9)	139 (45.0)
Age
15–64 years	265 (92.7)	300 (97.1)
≥65 years	21 (7.3)	9 (2.9)
Marital status
Married	180 (62.9)	158 (51.1)
Single	106 (37.1)	151 (48.9)
Educational status
Primary school or lower	101 (35.3)	51 (16.5)
Junior high school	59 (20.6)	45 (14.6)
Senior high school	86 (30.1)	129 (41.7)
University or higher	40 (14.0)	84 (27.2)
Occupation
Homemaker	68 (23.8)	52 (16.8)
Worker	107 (37.4)	117 (37.9)
Retiree	14 (4.9)	18 (5.8)
Student	42 (14.7)	92 (29.8)
Government official	8 (2.8)	21 (6.8)
Storekeeper	10 (3.5)	7 (2.3)
Farmer	37 (12.9)	2 (0.6)
Social security
No	105 (36.7)	58 (18.8)
Yes	181 (63.3)	251 (81.2)
Income status
Income less than expenses	156 (54.5)	151 (48.9)
Income equal to expenses	109 (38.1)	112 (36.2)
Income more than expenses	21 (7.4)	46 (14.9)
Reading
Never	147 (51.4)	81 (26.2)
Sometimes	90 (31.5)	137 (44.3)
Often	49 (17.1)	91 (29.4)
Understanding information about health
Yes	205 (71.7)	239 (77.3)
No	81 (28.3)	70 (22.7)
Total	286 (100.0)	309 (100.0)

			Semi–urban areas							Urban areas
Variables	B	Std. Beta	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis			B	Std. Beta	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			95% CI	p	95% CI	p	Adj. R²			95% CI	p	95% CI	p	Adj. R²
HLS
Age	–0.01	–0.01	–0.1; 0.1	.832				–0.17	–0.26	–0.2; –0.1	.003**	–0.2; –0.1	<001
Sex	–1.27	–0.06	–3.8; 1.2	.323				0.31	0.01	–1.5; 2.1	.735
Marital status	1.26	0.06	–1.6; 4.1	.393				–2.84	–0.16	–5.4; –0.2	.032**	–5.1; –0.4	.019
Educational status	1.37	0.14	–0.1; 2.8	.067*	0.4; 2.5	.005		–0.23	–0.02	–1.3; 0.8	.679
Occupation	–0.40	–0.08	–0.9; 0.1	.165*		.126		0.30	0.05	–0.4; 1.0	.420
Income	3.02	0.18	1.3; 4.7	<.001**	1.3; 4.6	<.001		0.30	0.02	–0.9; 1.5	.634
Health insurance	–0.88	–0.04	–3.1; 1.4	.450			0.39	1.63	0.07	–0.6; 3.9	.157*		.084	0.42
Reading habits	–0.66	–0.04	–2.5; 1.1	.480				1.31	0.11	0.1; 2.5	.044**	0.1; 2.6	.028
Presence of a chronic disease	4.24	0.17	1.2; 7.2	.006**	1.5; 6.9	.002		–2.56	–0.09	–5.6; 0.5	.107*	–6.0; –0.1	.048
Perceived health	–4.77	–0.30	–6.6; –2.9	<.001**	–6.6; –3.0	<.001		–1.22	–0.07	–3.1; 0.7	.217
Understanding the health information provided	–5.40	–0.23	–7.8; –2.9	<.001**	–7.8, –3.1	<.001		–5.90	–0.29	–8.0; –3.7	<.001**	–8.1; –4.0	<.001

		Semi–urban areas						Urban areas
Variables	B	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis			B	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		95% Cl	p	95% Cl	p	Adj. R²		95% Cl	p	95% Cl	p	Adj. R²
Age	–0.47	–0.6; –0.2	<.001**	–0.6; –0.4	<.001		–0.20	–0.4; 0.1	.071*	–0.4; –0.1	.002
Sex	–6.70	–11.3; –2.0	.005**	–11.6; –3.8	<.001		–3.34	–6.9; 0.2	.070*	–7.6; –0.7	.018
Marital status	–0.83	–6.1; 4.4	.755				–2.39	–7.5; 2.7	.356
Educational status	1.95	–0.7; 4.6	.151*		.166		1.30	–0.8; 3.4	.237
Occupation	0.31	–0.7; 1.3	.554				0.80	–0.6; 2.2	.286
Income	–1.15	–4.2; 1.9	.464				1.16	–1.3; 3.6	.359
Health insurance	–0.65	–4.8; 3.5	.759			0.26	5.42	0.9; 9.8	.017**	1.7; 10.3	.006	0.48
Reading habits	–0.75	–4.1; 2.6	.663				2.59	0.1; 5.1	.044**	0.3; 5.2	.025
Presence of a chronic disease	–1.45	–6.9; 4.0	.604				–5.59	–11.7; 0.5	.074*	–11.9; –0.2	.061
Perceived health	–10.2	–13.6; –6.9	<.001**	–15.2; –7.9	<.001		–9.39	–13.2; –5.5	<.001**	–13.5; –5.9	<.001
Understanding the health information provided	–2.46	–6.8; 1.9	.272				1.31	–2.8; 5.4	.532

			Semi–urban areas							Urban areas
Variables	B	Std. Beta	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis			B	Std. Beta	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			95% Cl	p	95% Cl	p	Adj. R²			95% Cl	p	95% Cl	p	Adj. R²
Age	–0.29	–0.24	–0.5; –0.1	.006**	–0.4; –0.1	.002		–0.15	–0.10	–0.4; 0.1	.238
Sex	–6.29	–0.15	–11.2; –1.3	.013**	–10.5; –2.0	.004		–4.50	–0.12	–8.7; –.02	.040**	–9.0; –0.7	.020
Marital status	–1.02	–0.02	–6.6; 4.6	.723				–6.26	–0.16	–12.3; –0.2	.043**		.091
Educational status	2.46	0.13	–0.4; 5.3	.092*		.067		–0.22	–0.01	–2.7; 2.3	.865
Occupation	–0.19	–0.02	–1.3; 0.9	.734				0.81	0.06	–0.9; 2.5	.364
Income	–1.21	–0.04	–4.5; 2.1	.473				–1.01	–0.03	–3.9; 1.9	.502
Health insurance	–0.11	–0.00	–4.5; 4.3	.961			0.42	4.41	0.09	–0.8; 9.7	.102*		.138	0.16
Reading habits	–3.03	–0.11	–6.6; 0.6	.102*		.061		0.04	0.00	–2.9; 3.0	.977
Presence of a chronic disease	–0.83	–0.01	–6.7; 5.0	.780				–1.22	–0.02	–8.5; 6.0	.740
Perceived health	–6.09	–0.20	–9.6; –2.4	<.001**	–9.7; –2.8	<.001		–9.31	–0.25	–13.8; –4.7	<.001**	–14.9; –7.0	<.001
Understanding the health information provided	–2.67	–0.06	–7.3; 2.0	.266				–1.93	–0.04	–6.8; 2.9	.440

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author: Celalettin Cevik Bigadiç Caddesi, 10145, Balıkesir, Turkey celalettincevik@balikesir.edu.tr